Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission during composting causes nitrogen loss and air pollution. The interpretation of N2O mechanisms will help to customize strategies that mitigate climate change. At pile particle scales, this study characterized emission-related variables (gases, ions, microbes) their correlations pig manure-wheat straw aerobic composting. Pile-scale results showed mainly occurred in mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling phases; the nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ( AOB)...

A new method for characterizing the aerobic layer thickness in pig manure based on Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) is presented to improve anaerobic/aerobic co-process mechanism, ensure adequate oxygen supply and, thus, minimize methane emissions during composting. Freeze-dried particles were microtomed into 10 μm thick sections; spectral range, resolution, and pixel dimensions transmission spectra 4000–650 cm–1, 16 6.25 × μm, respectively. mean spectrum of scans was...

Inefficient aerobic composting techniques significantly contribute to the atmospheric methane (CH4) levels. Macro-scale models assuming completely conditions cannot be used analyze CH4 generation in strictly anaerobic environments. This study presents a particle-scale model for pig manure/wheat straw that incorporates and oxidation kinetics. Parameter estimation revealed manure is characterized by high yield coefficient (0.6414 mol mol–1 Cman) maximum rate (0.0205 kg–1 VSaero h–1). The...

The degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE), in incubations where ammonium was oxidized while iron being reduced indicates that these compounds can be degraded during the Feammox process by Acidimicrobiaceae sp. A6 (ATCC, PTA-122488). None were to which no added, indicating they oxidation ammonium. Degradation TCE PCE (ranging between 32% 55%) observed with a pure culture as well an enrichment over 2-week period. In addition batch studies, column study, 5-h...

Aerobic composting is a bacteria-driven process to degrade and recycle wastes. This study quantified the kinetics of bacterial growth decay during pig manure-wheat straw composting, which may provide insights into microbial reaction mechanisms operations. First, propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain (PMA-qPCR) method was developed quantify viable bacteria concentration samples. The optimal PMA light exposure time were 100 μM 8 min respectively. Subsequently, concentrations total...

The feasibility and potential of infrared microspectroscopy for quantitatively characterizing the dynamic changes in coating controlled release fertilizer granules are discussed to better characterize nutrients. Two polymer-coated compound fertilizers were selected as typical samples. A frozen section technique was used sample pretreatment, where freeze-dried cut into 20-µm-thick sections. Optimal parameters spectral range, resolution, pixel dimensions transmission spectra determined be...

The Sine-Cosine function, which is widely adopted in mathematics and physics, has attracted our attention due to its unique properties. By delving into the coupling effect of we discover a previously unreported class nonlinear systems, namely Nonlinear System Family (SCNSF). This discovery motivated by need expand repertoire systems understand complex behaviors that can emerge from combination basic trigonometric functions. SCNSF both chaotic characteristics real number domain fractal...

Rice straw is a major kind of biomass that can be utilized as lignocellulosic materials and renewable energy. Rapid prediction the lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) organic elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur) rice would help to decipher its growth mechanisms thereby improve sustainable usages. In this study, 364 samples featuring different subspecies (japonica indica), growing seasons (early-, middle-, late-season), environments (irrigated rainfed) were collected,...

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Aerobic composting is an effective way to recycle and fertilize livestock manure therefore reduce its pollution. It crucial strike a balance between energy savings mitigation of methane (CH₄) emission. In this study, particle-scale CH₄ emission model for based on the kinetics generation oxidation was employed evaluate global warming potential (GWP) consumption 64 strategies, which provides theoretic foundation optimization composing operations....

Rice straw is a major kind of biomass that can be utilized as lignocellulosic materials and renewable energy. Rapid prediction the lignocellulose (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) organic elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur) rice would help to decipher its growth mechanisms thereby improve sustainable usages. In this study, 364 samples featuring different subspecies (japonica indica), growing seasons (early-, middle-, late-season), environments (irrigated rainfed) were collected,...