Over the past 50 years, researchers in United States and abroad have debated inherent inequities within justice systems that contribute to underreporting of crime police. Our review summarizes existing knowledge about victim reporting outlines new directions theory empirical research situate this work a broader perspective on help-seeking. We begin with short historical development its implications for social policy. then critique major explanations victims’ behavior outline integrated...

Objectives: To estimate the effects of three types responses to intimate partner violence: (1) reporting crime police, (2) arresting suspect, and (3) receiving services from agencies other than police that assist victims crime. Methods: We obtained a nationally representative sample 2,221 victims, using longitudinal records area-identified National Crime Victimization Survey 1996 through 2012. reduce threat nonrandom selection into treatment, we estimated propensity score matched weighted...

This article investigates the impact of criminal victimization on household residential mobility. Existing research finds that direct experiences with crime influence mobility decisions, such persons who suffer offenses near their homes are more likely to move. The current study extends this line inquiry consider whether indirect involves neighbors also stimulates moving. analysis uses National Crime Survey estimate multilevel models incorporate data from individual households and spatially...

This article examines the impact of women's status on rates violence against women using longitudinal data from National Crime Survey and Victimization for 40 U.S. metropolitan areas period 1980 to 2004. Drawing feminist routine activities perspectives, we specify hypotheses about association between violent victimization, some which predict different effects depending whether offender is a stranger, intimate, or known (nonintimate) other. Consistent with other find that absolute increases...

Abstract Using data from the Area‐Identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we provide a national assessment of impact neighborhood immigrant concentration on whether violence is reported to police. By drawing multiple theoretical perspectives, outline how level reporting could be higher or lower in neighborhoods, as well this may depend individual race/ethnicity and history immigration county which neighborhoods are located. Controlling for both individual‐ neighborhood‐level...

This study investigated the association between victim reporting and police response to past victimizations with data from National Crime Victimization Survey 1998–2000. The findings include: (1) investigatory effort by when an individual had been victimized in increased likelihood that would report ensuing victimization police; (2) however, this relationship only held victim, rather than someone else, reported prior (3) whether made arrest after was no effect on (4) probability of...

Until recently, national-level data on criminal victimization in the United States did not include information immigrant or citizenship status of respondents. This data-infrastructure limitation has hindered scientific understanding whether immigrants are more less likely than native-born Americans to be criminally victimized and how may vary among different statuses. We address these issues present study by using new from 2017-2018 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) explore...

Although community responses to the problem of intimate partner violence typically focus on increasing and improving policing social services, few studies have examined relationship among police force size, service providers, women's safety at home. To address this issue, we use data from National Crime Victimization Survey examine patterns for 40 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) over a 16‐year period (1989–2004). We analyze using three‐level multilevel models, with individual...

Americans move frequently, and moving alters their risks of victimization. This study uses unique longitudinal, multilevel data from the 1980–1985 National Crime Survey to examine effects residential turnover on household The two major findings are as follows: First, housing is a transition that independently increases risk dwelling will experience crime. finding true even controlling for persistent differences in crime vulnerability between dwellings. Second, changes composition routine...

Police measures of crime are shaped by victims' decisions to notify the police. To obtain a better understanding US trends, this study uses National Crime Victimization Survey examine geographic differences and temporal trends in reporting New York other metropolitan areas for period 1979-2004. We find that net characteristics survey methodology, area showed fewer increases than did areas. These divergent suggest real drop nonlethal violence between may have been smaller those indicated...

To identify sources of error in estimates the number homicides committed by police officers United States, we examined data from Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) and National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) between 1976 2013. Coverage nonresponse errors were primary reasons for underreporting SHR, with some agencies not participating or failing to submit monthly reports. Measurement source NVSS. If involvement was mentioned on death certificate, misclassified as a civilian homicide.

Victims’ willingness to report crime and their opinions about the police are important indicators of performance, legitimacy, trust in justice system. This study examines two decades trends notification victims’ perceptions United States major metropolitan areas since 2000, using data from National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). In contrast previous studies indicating an increase 1980s 1990s, present shows a progressive decline observed last decades, especially 2010. Furthermore, there...

This study examines the microlevel process of housing turnover between Blacks and Whites to assess whether crime plays an important role in racial transition neighborhoods. The uses a unique, longitudinal version National Crime Survey which each dwelling's close neighbors are identified. After controlling for household characteristics their neighbors, occurring nearby areas is found increase chances White‐to‐Black while decreasing Black‐to‐White turnover. change occurs even though directly...

Abstract Researchers in the United States have increasingly recognized that immigration reduces crime, but it remains unresolved whether this applies to people of different racial–ethnic and economic backgrounds. By using 2008–2012 area‐identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we evaluate effect neighborhood immigrant concentration on individual violence risk across race/ethnicity labor market stratification factors areas with histories immigration. The results our analysis...

Criminal victimization is known to influence households’ moving decisions, but theories suggest that the processes leading a decision can vary across racial and ethnic groups. Drawing from current literature, we hypothesized would have stronger effect on decisions for Whites than Blacks or Hispanics, racial/ethnic residential segregation moderate impact of mobility. Using longitudinal sample 34,134 housing units compiled National Crime Victimization Survey 40 largest metropolitan areas in...

Studies of the contagious spread insurgency and conflict across national boundaries has generated a good deal empirical research over time. While terrorism also been policy concern, few studies exist on extent to which spreads contagiously. This article uses methods developed by criminologists study crime examine worldwide diffusion from 1970 2013. We distinguish between increases (based shared borders) non-contagious (where no borders are shared). define "domino effect" as particular type...

Abstract Cross-border e-commerce is divided into export cross-border and import e-commerce. Based on the fact that development of China’s trade dominant at present, this paper takes diamond model theory platform economics as basis construction selects demand, human resources, platforms, payment logistics to constitute influencing factors system variables. Among them, for influence mechanism level trade, a measurement index has been established. Utilizing entropy value method comprehensive...

Our understanding of how immigration enforcement impacts crime has been informed by data from the police statistics. This study complements existing research using longitudinal multilevel National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) for 2005-2014 to simultaneously assess impact three predominant policies that have implemented in local communities. The results indicate activation Secure Communities and 287(g) task force agreements significantly increased violent victimization risk among...

We consider the broad developments that have occurred over past decade regarding our knowledge of how neighborhood context impacts intimate partner violence (IPV). Research has broadened concept “context” beyond structural features such as economic disadvantage, and extended into relationships among residents, collective “action” behaviors cultural gender norms. Additionally, scholars considered built environment might foster (or regulate) IPV. now know more about direct, indirect,...

When linking records from the Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) with information other sources, such as data U.S. Census Bureau, errors are likely to occur because police service areas in some cities do not match political definitions of cities. Also, may different places have same or similar names. This article illustrates problem six (Jacksonville, Honolulu, Indianapolis, Baton Rouge, Las Vegas, and Nashville) explains how discrepancies can be identified corrected.