Four experiments examined trial sequencing effects in human contingency judgment. In Experiments 1-3, ratings of between a target cue and outcome were affected by the presentation order series trials distributed 2 distinct blocks showed recency bias. Experiment 4 replicated this effect when partly intermixed. These are predicted an associative learning model that computes strengths incorporates configural coding cues but problematic for probabilistic contrast accounts, which currently have...

In predictive causal inference, people reason from causes to effects, whereas in diagnostic they effects causes. Independently of the structure events, temporal information provided a reasoner may vary (e.g., multiple events followed by single event vs. events). The authors report 5 experiments which and were varied independently. Inferences influenced but not structure. results are relevant evaluation 2 current accounts induction, Rescorla-Wagner (R. A. Rescorla & R. Wagner, 1972) model...

According to the comparator process hypothesis (Matute, Arcediano, & Miller, 1996), cue competition in learning of between-events relationships arises if judgement required involves a comparison between probability outcome given target and competing cue. Alternatively, other associative accounts (the Rescorla-Wagner model: Rescorla Wagner, 1972) conceive as deficit affecting cue-outcome association. Consequently, predicts that occurs inference judgements but not contiguity ones, for only...

Three experiments show that understanding of biases in probability judgment can be improved by extending the application associative-learning framework. In Experiment 1, authors used M. A. Gluck and G. H. Bower's (1988a) diagnostic-learning task to replicate apparent base-rate neglect induce conjunction fallacy a later phase as by-product conversion bias. 2, found stronger evidence bias with same learning task. 3, changed some fallacies were not based on The obtained 3 explained adding an...

Abstract (1) There is enough contradictory evidence regarding the role of base rates in category learning to confirm nonexistence biases such learning. (2) It not always possible activate statistical reasoning through frequentist representation. (3) necessary use concept systematic processing reconsidering published work on biases.

The effect of preexposure to visual stimuli on subsequent discrimination was studied in 17 girls and 23 boys, ages 53 61 mo., using a test which sample stimulus had be identified from set comparison stimuli. Preexposure significantly facilitated discrimination. This facilitation more noticeable between shared large proportion common elements. results were consistent with an associative theory the representation suggested by McLaren, Kaye, Mackintosh 1989, implications are considered for teaching.

Abstract Extinction of the A↔X association after blocked preexposure to AX-BX was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, groups rats received long (14 trials) or short (4 and subsequent conditioning X. The results showed that AX equally preserved preexposure. 2 effect 0, 1 ruptures on extinction. this experiment a “rupture” is produced when, blocks, one element original compound presented with different element. A significant extinction observed only when broken twice

El estudio de los procesos inferencia causal basada en la observacion acontecimientos ha ocupado historicamente un lugar destacado literatura sobre cognitivos basicos. articulo Perales y cols. viene a ofrecernos una vision teorica actualizada aspecto ese estudio, esencial para entender como se llevan cabo estos procesos. Nos referimos al analisis computacional (Marr, 1982), es decir, que tipo informacion resulta relevante el procesamiento por relevante. realizan autores esta inspirado, casi...