Plant diseases are a significant threat to global food security, impacting crop yields and economic growth. Accurate identification of plant is crucial minimize loses optimize health. Traditionally, classification performed manually, relying on the expertise classifier. However, recent advancements in deep learning techniques have enabled creation efficient systems using computer technology. In this context, paper proposes an automatic process based synthetic neural network with ability...

Water is one of the most important natural resources and widely used around globe for various purposes. In fact, agricultural sector consumes 70% world’s accessible water, which about 60% wasted. Thus, it needs to be managed scientifically efficiently maximize food production meet requirements an ever-increasing population. There a lack information on water crops irrigation scheduling concerning Shaheed Benazirabad district, Pakistan. present study was conducted determine (IWR) major in...

Abstract The world is facing an acute water shortage. present irrigation techniques used in the Hyderabad district, Pakistan, are not demand-driven. study was carried out to determine crop requirement (CWR), (IWR), and scheduling for major crops grown district using CROPWAT model based on climatic, soil, data. analysis revealed that total CWR entire growing season sugarcane, banana, cotton, wheat were 3,127.0; 2,012.3; 1,073.5; 418.9 mm, respectively. However, IWR found be 2,964.0; 1,966.7;...

ABSTRACT At present, the groundwater quality in various parts of world is under serious threat. As a result, human health highly affected. Thus, present study analyzed and mapped Piryaloi, Pakistan using two widely applied indices, i.e., pollution index (GPI), synthetic (SPI), GIS. Water samples were for physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), hardness (TH), carbonates...

Abstract Irrigation-water quality plays an important role in agriculture productivity. In this study, water of the old and new Phuleli canal located Hyderabad, Pakistan, was characterized for irrigation purpose. Water samples were collected from four different locations both canal. Twelve irrigation-water standards assessed under study: pH, Electricity Conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solids, Chemical (COD), Oxygen, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Sodium...

<title>Abstract</title> This study investigates the effect of incorporating date palm fibers (DPFs) on flexural strength self-compacting concrete (SCC), a versatile material known for its essential ability to compact and flow without extensive external vibration. A total six distinct SCC mixtures were prepared with different dosages fibers. We methodically added DPFs in increments 0.1% volume, ranging from 0% 0.5%. contended relationship between workability composition Experiments revealed...

Abstract Water is essential for life, as it supports bodily functions, nourishes crops, and maintains ecosystems. Drinking water crucial maintaining good health can also contribute to economic development by reducing healthcare costs improving productivity. In this study, we employed five different machine learning algorithms – logistic regression (LR), decision tree classifier (DTC), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN) analyze the dataset, their...

Abstract Due to seawater intrusion into the Indus delta, Pakistan under changing climate scenarios, local communities of delta are threat land and livelihood. The present study was initiated analyze community perceptions about social ecological change vulnerability in Pakistan. About 500 permanent residents were interviewed using a well-structured questionnaire. IBM SPSS software used data based on Pearson chi-square, Goodman, Kruskal's analyses, Foster Greer Thorbeck (FGT) techniques....

The climate change is significantly evolving novel microbes in the environment. In addition, nanoscience advancing promptly to provide environmentally friendly engineering solutions detect these (i.e., pathogenic bacteria and viruses) blood water. There a need develop smart efficient nano-biosensor pathogens, Escherichia coli (ATCC 47076) drinking water protect public against diseases like hemolytic uremic, gastroenteritis, acute diarrheas. immunomagnetic separation strategy enables...

A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) frequently encounters fluctuation in ammonium concentration or flow rate (Q), which may affect the stability of oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In this study, two continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) were operated for 588 days and was varied at various steady-state conditions. There no inhibition observed CSTR operation AOB acclimated once a certain concentration. Cells an (200 mgTAN/L from R(A) 1000 R(B)) extracted to perform batch test operating...

Abstract The cluster-wise area of shallow and deep aquifer zones is used to estimate the potential groundwater. zone estimated at 4.61 MCM (million cubic meters) for 17,509.03 MCM, while total groundwater both 17,513.64 MCM. Geographical Information System (GIS) was employed efficiently subsurface volume lithological rock layers using cost-effective time-saving techniques, Rockwork software integrated with GIS successfully visualize lithology stratigraphy zones. can be uncovered by...

The mathematical computation and process evaluation of anaerobic digestion (AD) treatment organic refuse (OR) has become quite common in designing. Furthermore, the modelling AD is considered as well established mature, largely known a mechanistic model structure. There are various models being used to comprehend biochemical variations, rate decomposition, methane or biogas production potentials. Moreover, these analyses determine equilibrium points, helping understand their internal...

The exploitation and harnessing of renewable energies are becoming increasingly important throughout the world. This study presents a method methane (CH4) generation using biological disintegration food waste (FW) by anaerobic digestion (AD). CH4 production was enhanced addition three different types iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) (Cetyletrimethlebromide (CTAB), urea-capped Fe3O4 NPs without capping). bio biodegradation volatile solids (VS) were carried out in an AD treatment at...

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have diverted the direction of researchers and industrial communities due to their widespread applications in different fields. Currently, Ag-NPs been reported biomedical areas, such as antimicrobial activity, wound healing ability, acceptable application water quality observing for fabrication biosensors biomarkers. are attractive nanomaterial amongst several metallic used a disinfectant antibacterial agent water. According purposes, methods developed synthesis...