Power versus voltage curves of partial shading photovoltaic (PV) systems contain several local peaks (LPs) and one global peak (GP). Most conventional maximum power point tracker (MPPT) techniques may not follow the GP under conditions (PSC). The use metaheuristic such as bat algorithm (BA) particle swarm optimization (PSO) can overcome these obstacles. All problems inherent in using BA MPPT PV has been discussed solved this paper. first problem is random initial values bats that cause...

Optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) to satisfy load requirements with the highest reliability and lowest cost is a crucial step in building HRESs supply electricity remote areas. Applying smart grid concepts such as management can reduce size HRES components generated considerably. In this article, carried out by dividing into high- low-priority parts. The proposed system formed photovoltaic array, wind turbines, batteries, fuel cells diesel generator back-up source. A...

Partial shading of PV systems generates many peaks in the P–V curve. These have one global peak (GP), remaining being local (LPs). Metaheuristic techniques such as PSO proven superiority capturing GP and avoiding entrapment an LP comparison to conventional techniques. In case partial conditions (PSC), may change its position value curve is unable capture unless they reinitialize. Reinitialization particles spends a long time for convergence; it cause premature convergence. This paper...

Bat Algorithm (BA) is used to track the global peak (GP) of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems due its fast convergence. Meanwhile, BA has many limitations when it as maximum power point tracker (MPPT) PV like need for re-initialization, and problem premature These problems are solved in this paper by injecting one flying bat search greater than value current best avoid reinitialization bats. This proposed strategy sends positions anticipated peaks generated changed with certain remove highest...

The high relying of electric vehicles on either in-vehicle or between-vehicle communications can cause big issues in the system. This paper is going to mainly address cyberattack and propose a secured reliable intelligent framework avoid hackers from penetration into vehicles. proposed model constructed based an improved support vector machine for anomaly detection controller area network bus protocol. In order improve capabilities fast malicious attack avoidance, new optimization algorithm...

The partially shaded photovoltaic (PSPV) condition reduces the generated power and contributes to hot spot problems that may lead breakdown of modules. PSPV generates multiple peak, one global many other local peaks. Many efficient, accurate reliable maximum point tracker (MPPT) techniques are used track peak instead proposed technique is not limited tracking, but rather it capable tracking sum all peaks PV arrays using an interleaved boost converter (IBC). has been compared with state art...

Partial shading (PS) condition has a negative effect on the shaded photovoltaic (PV) modules/arrays itself. In addition, it reduces output power generated considerably. The PV system configuration represents one of effective solutions to alleviate PS effects and extract global maximum (GMP) available from partially (PSPV) system. This study introduces detailed performance analysis comparisons four proposed configurations [module integrated converter (MIC), multi‐strings interfaced...

Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is vital device in the Photovoltaic (PV) system because it can increase generated considerably. Partial shading conditions (PSCs) on PV array generates many peaks P-V curve of array. Metaheuristic techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) have ability to track global peak (GP) at any operating conditions. PSO technique GP but once pattern (SP) changes, value and location new will change may cannot catch all particles are busy around previous GP....

This paper presents an improved control strategy for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) during unbalanced grid voltage conditions. The proposed was applied in both synchronization and grid-connected process is carried by controlling the extracted positive negative sequence components of stator q-axis to follow voltage. can be accomplished rotor d-axis current. By perturbing current, EMF builds up follows accurately. frequency phase difference between are compensated adjusting zero....

Photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is compulsory in PV systems to improve its output and efficiency. Conventional techniques can track the under uniform irradiances efficiently accurately. Nevertheless, case of partial shading conditions where multiple peaks are generated, these conventional may stick at any local peak P – V curve energy systems. Metaheuristic have been applied overcome this limitation, most catch global MPP (GMPP) easily efficiently. In dynamic change...

In this paper, a wind speed sensorless control method for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in energy systems is proposed. This based on using opposition-based learning (OBL) optimizing the parameters of support vector regression (SVR) algorithm. These are tuned by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. As general rule, measurements usually done an anemometer. The measured anemometer taken at level blades. high-power turbine, blade diameter very large which makes measurement...

Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) are widely used in wind energy conversion systems. The dynamic features of DFIGs make it important to focus on designing high-performance control schemes. However, the characteristics such depend nonlinear parameters, as stator flux, current, and rotor which increase overall system complexity. In addition, DFIG Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) size is growing beyond 7 MW, increases stress both mechanical drive train power circuits during...

Under partial shading (PS) condition, the P-V curve becomes more complex where many peaks (one global maximum peak [GMP] and other local [LMPs]) are generated. This GMP changes with time under a time-variant PS; this is called dynamic GMP. Conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) can track same PS effectively. Nevertheless, it cannot because all particles will be concentrated at first caught. In addition, using PSO as power point tracker (MPPT) technique suffers from obvious...

Distribution generation (DG) opened a new era for using renewable energy sources to face the future load expansion and enhance stability of power system. A methodology allocating sizing analysis as DG are introduced. Allocation criteria weaken bus-bars introduced in this paper. The selected then supported with optimized order system capability withstand any load. voltage weakening index is used compare post-load increase base at normal proposed nested particle swarm optimization (PSO)...

This paper presents a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) method to estimate the position and speed of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) by considering error between real estimated rotor values. A state equation PMSM in d-q frame is expressed based on nominal parameter PMSM. The derived MRAS adaptation scheme main objective minimize errors derivatives axis currents systems. proposed has been tested for various load torque conditions. experimental results show good performance...

Underground cable performance indices such as maximum temperature and ampacity are non-continuous functions of the configuration parameters depth width various trench layers. In this respect, existing traditional gradient-type methods cannot be used to optimise indices. This study presents an efficient methodology for optimising power thermal with respect involving spacing, burial size backfill. The new integrates powerful features finite elements (FEs) technique coupled flexibility...

The performance of an underground transmission and distribution system is critically influenced by the thermal properties surrounding medium, as well cable itself. behaviour strongly dependent on loading conditions parameters materials characteristics soil, ambient environment boundary conditions. A combined experimental–computational investigation performed to examine which may influence cable. First, specification soil was tested simulating a high temperature gradient along body sample...

This paper presents the results of a recent study to develop an optimization model for underground power cable thermal circuit based on generated gradient approach. A new concept perturbed finite-element analysis is utilized, which involves use derived sensitivity coefficients associated with various parameters interest. subsequent utilization such sensitivities as gradients objective functions realized in general framework performance optimization. Therefore, work this paper, it now...

This paper builds on a previously published development work involving novel thermal field sensitivity model for underground cable systems, based finite elements, which has been verified by experimental laboratory measurements. The reports new approach to optimisation using proposed concept of perturbed finite-element analysis. is not restricted the conventional evaluation; rather it involves two main achievements. First, derives coefficients associated with various parameters interest, and...

A newer approach to cable thermal field and ampacity computations using a proposed concept of perturbed finite-element analysis is formulated. This involves the use derived sensitivity coefficients associated with various parameters interest such achieve optimal performance. The technique applied both design phase operational aspects power buried in complex media soils, heat sources sinks as well variable boundary conditions

The heat transfer analysis of a 15 kV-XLPE underground power cable is investigated under different loadings using developed full size experimental setup to analyze the behaviour cables directly buried in sand and soil. model was simulated proposed thermal finite element tools obtained results were compared with validate simulation methodology.