The teicoplanin pharmacokinetics (PK) of 30 febrile and severely neutropenic patients (polymorphonuclear count, < 500/mm3) with hematologic malignancies were compared those determined for five healthy volunteers (HV). Neutropenic given piperacillin combined amikacin, was added to the regimen day fever developed in suspected having a staphylococcal infection or 48 h later. Teicoplanin intravenously at dosage 6 mg/kg body weight 0, 12, 24 once thereafter. Five eleven blood samples per patient...

Background Although various drugs used by anesthesiologists highly bind to plasma proteins, the impact of iatrogenically induced hypoproteinemia on their pharmacologic effects has never been investigated. The authors determined pharmacokinetics ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin that binds strongly albumin in postsurgical patients with hydroxyethyl starch-induced hypoalbuminemia. Methods Eleven hypoalbuminemic (serum &amp;lt; 25 g/l) and age (+/- 5 yr)-, sex-, body surface area 10%)-matched...

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activities of imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem-cilastatin, cefepime and ceftazidime against Enterobacter cloacae NOR-1, which produces the carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase NmcA a cephalosporinase, one its in vitro-obtained ceftazidime-resistant mutant were compared by using an experimental model pneumonia with immunocompetent rats. MICs β-lactams inoculum 5 log 10 CFU/ml as follows for E. NOR-1 mutant, respectively: imipenem, 16 128 μg/ml, meropenem, 4 32 cefepime,...

A rapid, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of four protease inhibitors (indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir) in human plasma is described. After a liquid-liquid extraction with terbutyl methyl ether sequential washing reconstituted sample hexane, are separated on phenyl column using simple binary mobile phase ammonium acetate buffer:acetonitrile (48:52) (pH = 7.5) an ultraviolet detection at 260 nm. The standard curves linear...

ABSTRACT Oligopeptidic drugs such as β-lactams and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors share the same carriers in humans animals, which results possible pharmacokinetic interactions. To model interactions, effects of quinapril on cephalexin pharmacokinetics were investigated rats. Blood concentrations measured by liquid chromatography, data analyzed a noncompartmental method fitting bicompartmental nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach. Five groups eight rats examined. In first three...

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of isepamicin, a new aminoglycoside, were studied in 85 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and compared with those observed 10 healthy volunteers. A parametric method based on nonlinear mixed-effect model was used to assess population PK. Isepamicin given intravenously over 0.5 h at dosages 15 mg/kg once daily or 7.5 twice daily. data fitted bicompartmental open model. Compared volunteers, the mean values PK parameters profoundly modified ICU patients: elimination...

The activities of cefepime and amikacin alone or in combination against an isogenic pair Enterobacter cloacae strains (wild type stably derepressed, ceftazidime-resistant mutant) were compared using experimental model pneumonia non-leucopenic rats. Animals infected by administering 8.4 log10 cfu E. intratracheally, therapy was initiated 12 h later. At that time, the animals' lungs showed bilateral contained more than 7 cfu/g tissue. Because rats eliminate much rapidly humans, renal...

We developed an experimental model of pneumonia to evaluate the efficacy new antibiotic regimens against Enterobacter cloacae. Rats were infected by administering 8.5 log10 cfu E. cloacae intratracheally, and therapy was initiated 24 h later. At that time, animals' lungs showed bilateral containing more than 7 cfu/g tissue. Because rats eliminate amikacin cefepime much rapidly humans, renal impairment induced in all animals simulate pharmacokinetic parameters humans. Using this model, we...

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of orally administered amoxicillin were investigated in 12 healthy volunteers a crossover design. They received either placebo or saline—polyethylene glycol solution (SPG) for 4 d, the last dose being given simultaneously with 1 g amoxicillin; blood samples drawn next h. Amoxicillin kinetics similar two treatments but small differences some pharmacokinetic parameters reached significance. mean±SD area under curve was lower SPG (43.8±6.8 against 47.8±8.2 mg h L...

We adapted an experimental model of multiple organ dysfunction to study the alterations it induces in pharmacology cefepime and amikacin. The half-lives both antibiotics were significantly prolonged because nonsignificant enhancement volume distribution reduced renal elimination. In presence dysfunction, concentration each antibiotic lungs, compared with that lungs healthy controls, was decreased, despite similar concentrations plasma, indicating application a standard plasma could lead...

Antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) is recommended by international guidelines for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Nonetheless, treatment of breakthrough fungal infections remains challenging. This observational, prospective, multicentre, non-comparative study myelosuppressive intensive AML who are at high-risk invasive diseases (IFDs), describes AFP management outcomes 404 (65.6% newly diagnosed 73.3%...