The kinetics of the epoxidation castor oil in benzene with peracetic acid formed situ from acetic and hydrogen peroxide presence an ion-exchange resin as a catalyst was studied. Eighteen pseudo-two-phase models are established that, besides main reactions peracid epoxy ring formation, also consider side reaction cleavage acid. Kinetic expressions for heterogeneously catalyzed formation developed on basis Eley–Rideal Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson postulates. An equation derived...

A kinetic model was proposed for the epoxidation of vegetable oils with peracetic acid formed in situ from acetic and hydrogen peroxide presence an acidic ion exchange resin as a catalyst. The is pseudo-homogeneous respect to Besides main reactions epoxy ring formation, takes into account side reaction opening acid. partitioning between aqueous organic phases change phases? volumes during process were considered. temperature dependency apparent rate coefficients described by reparameterized...

This paper investigates the separation possibilities of model emulsion oil-in-water using polypropylene fibre bed coalescence. Experiments were carried out over a wide range physico-chemical characteristics mineral oils, permeability and operating fluid velocities. The aim this study was to analyse influence dispersed oil phase nature geometry on efficiency. From obtained results, it can be concluded that fibres in broadest studied permeabilities velocities, effectively separate is highly...

Epoxidized vegetable oils are widely used in the chemical industry. Their production requires optimization of process conditions to maximize epoxy yield. Therefore, epoxidation linseed oil with peracetic acid generated situ presence an ion exchange resin as a catalyst was optimized using response surface methodology combined Box-Behnken design. The effects temperature (65?85?C), hydrogen peroxide-to-oil unsaturation mole ratio (1.1:1?1.5:1), amount (10?20 wt.%), and reaction time (5?13 h) on...

Polycarbonate-based polyurethane (PC-PU) nanostructured composites were obtained using a one-step technique, by the addition of 1 wt.% organically modified clays (either bentonite or montmorillonite). Only aliphatic components (polycarbonate diol, hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1,4-butane diol) used as reactants. The hard segment content polyurethanes was 30 wt.%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) performed to investigate morphology hydrogen...

The liquid-liquid equilibrium constant for acetic acid in a quinary system olive oil-epoxidized oil-acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide-water was experimentally determined temperatures and component ratios relevant situ epoxidation of plant oils. values has the range from 1.52 to 2.73. To predict acid, experimental data were correlated with UNIQUAC (universal quasi chemical) NRTL (non-random two liquid) activity coefficient models. For simplified calculation phase insolubility oil epoxidized...

Zeolites, known for their unique structural and catalytic properties, are added to the natural rubber matrix investigate influence on vulcanization process resultant properties of composites. The rubber-based composites were masticated with 4A synthetic zeolite (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 phr). curing compounds was monitored a moving die rheometer at 150 °C. isothermal DSC method also used study °C, 160 170 Based obtained results, it is assumed that there an interaction between components system...

Separation of oil-in-water emulsions using fiber bed coalescer was studied by response surface methodology. The formed polyethylene terephthalate fibers. aim to investigate the possibility regression for analysis and prediction both effluent oil concentration critical velocity in broad ranges flow rates, permeabilities, nature dispersed phase. developed equations a constant permeability are responsive statistical method with calculated multiple R higher than 90%. It found that density,...

Recently, controlled drug release systems have been garnering a lot of attention, due to more targeted and effective approach for delivering drugs specific tissue. Because structure natural abundance, clays are being added those in order increase its efficiency minimize costs. In this study, kinetics the active substance 5-Fluorouracil was studied, using halloysite clay/polymer carriers. For purpose, clay initially modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Drug carriers were...

The rubber compounds are obtained by blending natural or synthetic rubber, reinforcing fillers, extender oil and other additives. Choosing the best components for compounding essential in industry. main function of process (extender oil) is to reduce viscosity improve mobility chains thus enable better processing dispersion filler particles. Mineral oils, particularly aromatic ones, were widely used as industry, however, due their influence on environment toxicity, there a demand replacement...

Hyperbranched alkyds based on trimethylolpropane, dimethylol propionic acid and castor oil were synthesized. The process implied preparing the three samples with ZnO nanoparticles in an amount of 0, 1, 3 wt%. Commercial melamine resin was used as a crosslinking agent. Curing carried out firstly drying oven at 120 °C for half hour, afterward seven days room temperature. Thermal properties, physico-mechanical characteristics, chemical resistance cured coated determined. An increasing...

This paper aims to investigate the effect of addition mineral oil and pyrolytic carbon black on crosslinking natural rubber mechanical properties crosslinked products. A rheometer determined curing characteristics at a temperature 150 °C. The prepared vulcanized composites were determined. By adding compounds, vulcanization reaction starts later, it takes slightly more time achieve optimal time. mixture achieves better dispersion blacks in matrix thus increases physical interaction between...

Good selection of natural rubber compounds is substantial in industry. Behavior products based on determined by blending components, especially nature process oil and concentration reinforcing fillers. Rubber main purpose to improve dispersibility fillers reduce the viscosity compound, therefore enable better processing. Mineral oils are mostly used compounding, but, due their toxicity new requirements for preservation environment, more well-known manufacturers have turned use...