OBJECTIVE The antidiabetic properties of metformin are mediated through its ability to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation AMPK can suppress tumor formation and inhibit cell growth in addition lowering blood glucose levels. We tested hypothesis that reduces risk cancer people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In an observational cohort study using record-linkage databases based Tayside, Scotland, U.K., we identified diabetes who were new users...

We sought to compare the risk of mortality and hospitalization between patients with without diabetes following incident lower-extremity amputation (LEA).We performed a retrospective data-linkage review all amputations 1 January 1992 31 December 1995. Patients were categorized according their status. Follow-up for was until 2005 March 1996 hospitalization.Of 390 major-incident LEAs during study period, 119 (30.5%) in 271 (69.5%) nondiabetic subjects. The median time death 27.2 months...

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To assess the effects of first three rounds a pilot colorectal screening programme based on guaiac faecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) and their implications for national population-based programme. <h3>Methods:</h3> A demonstration was conducted in Scottish NHS Boards. Residents aged between 50 69 years registered Community Health Index were included study. <h3>Results:</h3> In round, uptake 55.0%, positivity rate 2.07% cancer detection 2.1/1000 screened. second these...

Background Between 2000 and 2007, a demonstration pilot of biennial guaiac faecal occult blood test (GFOBT) screening was carried out in Scotland. Methods Interval cancers were defined as diagnosed within 2 years (ie, complete round) negative GFOBT. The stage outcome the interval compared with those arising contemporaneously non-screened Scottish population. In addition, gender site distributions screen-detected group Results Of screened population, comprised 31.2% first round, 47.7% second,...

Objectives To assess the effect of gender, age and deprivation on key performance indicators in a colorectal cancer screening programme. Setting Between March 2000 May 2006 demonstration pilot biennial guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) was carried out North-East Scotland for all individuals aged 50-69 years. Methods The relevant populations were subdivided, by into four groups five categories according to Scottish Index Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), analysed within these groups. Results...

Because of their many advantages, faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are superseding traditional guaiac-based occult blood in bowel screening programmes.A quantitative FIT was adopted for use two evaluation National Health Service (NHS) Boards Scotland using a cut-off haemoglobin concentration chosen to give positivity rate equivalent that achieved the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Uptake and clinical outcomes were compared with results obtained contemporaneously other similar NHS...

Randomised trials show reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality with faecal occult blood testing (FOBT). This outcome is now examined in a routine, population-based, screening programme.Three biennial rounds of the UK CRC pilot were completed Scotland (2000-2007) before roll out national programme. All residents (50-69 years) three Health Boards invited for screening. They received FOBT test by post to complete at home and return analysis. Positive tests followed up colonoscopy. Controls,...

<b>Objective</b> To analyse the effects of prevalence and incidence screening on uptake detection cancer in an ongoing, dynamic programme for colorectal using faecal occult blood testing. <b>Design</b> Analysis screening. <b>Setting</b> Three rounds biennial guaiac test east north Scotland, March 2000 to May 2007. <b>Participants</b> Adults aged 50-69. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Uptake screening, positivity (percentage those invited who returned a that was positive triggered invitation...

To assess whether pre-notification is effective in increasing uptake of colorectal cancer screening for all demographic groups.Scottish national programme.Males and females aged 50-74 years received a faecal occult blood test by post to complete at home. They were randomized receive addition: the letter, letter + information booklet, or usual invitation. Overall, 59,953 subjects included trial between 13/04/09 29/05/09 followed 27/11/09. Pre-notification letters posted two weeks ahead kit....

Screening is important for early detection of colorectal cancer. Our aim was to determine whether a simple anticipated regret (AR) intervention could increase uptake cancer screening. A randomised controlled trial simple, questionnaire-based AR intervention, delivered alongside existing pre-notification letters, conducted. total 60,000 adults aged 50–74 years from the Scottish National programme were into following groups: (1) no questionnaire (control), (2) Health Locus Control (HLOC) or...

To determine whether patients developing ulcers had previously been identified as being at high risk of ulceration using the Scottish Care Information-Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC) ulcer score and predicts healing.All attending diabetes foot clinic with an assessed for SCI-DC calculator, which categorizes into low, moderate, or ulceration. Information on pulses, neuropathy, deformity, previous ulcer, site, depth, presence sepsis was recorded related to outcome. Patients were followed up...

To investigate the characteristics of participants screened for bowel cancer using a faecal immunochemical test haemoglobin (FIT).Scottish Bowel Screening Programme.65909 men and women in two NHS Boards, aged 50 to 74, were invited participate an evaluation FIT as first-line test. Uptake was calculated by sex, age quintiles, deprivation compared with group who had completed guaiac occult blood (gFOBT) whom details well documented.FIT kits from 38672 tested. The overall uptake 58.7%...

Objective An association between detectable faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) and both the risk of death from colorectal cancer (CRC) all-cause mortality has been reported. We set out to confirm or refute this observation in a UK population explore f-Hb, as indicated by positive guaiac occult blood test (gFOBT) result, different causes death. Design All individuals (134 192) who participated gFOBT screening Tayside, Scotland 29/03/2000 29/03/2016 were studied linking their result (positive negative)...

Objective To investigate the relationship between deprivation and faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb). Setting Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Methods A total of 66725 men women, aged 50 to 74, were invited provide a single sample for immunochemical test. Deprivation was estimated using Index Multiple quintiles: f-Hb measured (OC-Sensor, Eiken, Japan) on 38439 participants. The quintiles examined. Results Median age 60 years, 53.6% with 14.1%, 19.7%, 17.7%, 25.9% 22.6% in lowest...

The patterns of response in faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening were studied.A total 251,578 people invited three times for testing categorized according to how they responded the invitations, as follows: YNN, NYN, NNY, NYY, YNY, YYN, YYY or NNN (Y = response; N no response).Overall, 163,038 (64.8%) at least once, and those biggest category was (98,494, 60.4%). Of 1927 cancers diagnosed age group eligible screening, there 405 screen-detected cancers, 529 interval 993 arising who had...

To determine the influence of intrapartum care during a first delivery on risk pelvic floor surgery in later life.Nested case-control study with record linkage historical cohort and current morbidity database.Hospital births Dundee 1952-1966.The 7556 primiparous women from Walker cohort.The cases (n= 352) were who delivered singleton baby at term (> or =37 weeks) subsequently had surgery. Controls 1403) their same time period did not undergo Univariate multivariate logistic regression...

Abstract Purpose Previous studies have indicated a relationship between oral corticosteroid use and the risk of fracture, although without population‐based comparators or exact dose information. The aim was to estimate relative population attributable (PAR) admission for non‐traumatic fracture among users corticosteroids. Methods design retrospective cohort study Tayside, Scotland aged 18 over resident 1 January 1993 31 1997 ( n = 280 645). Subjects included were those who redeemed one more...

Summary The Walker cohort is a database of over 48 000 birth records that has recently become available. It contains meticulously recorded details pregnancy, labour, and care before discharge for babies born in hospital Dundee, Scotland between 1952 1966. These accounted 75% all births Dundee at this time. Over 34 (73%) these subjects can be identified presents the opportunity to link information with large number current health‐outcome databases covering both primary secondary care....

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of deaths in UK. Screening key to early detection. The Scottish programme colorectal screening running successfully, and involves all adults aged between 50 74 years being invited post back a faecal sample for testing every 2 years. However, uptake sub-optimal: example rates period November 2009 October 2011 ranged from just 39% males living most deprived areas 67% least females. Recent research has shown that asking people consider emotional...

Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of deaths worldwide. Screening key to early detection but uptake national programmes poor, especially amongst those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Decisions not take up screening may be based more on emotional rather than rational evaluations. We aimed examine the importance perceived disgust (the ‘ICK’ factor) in determining colorectal uptake, large, randomised controlled trial. Methods: This paper reports secondary analysis trial...

Abstract Background Small studies have examined the effect of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening on proportion hospital admissions for colorectal cancer (CRC) classed as an emergency. This study aimed to examine this and short-term outcomes in persons invited compared with a control group not invited. Methods The comprised all individuals between 1 April 2000 31 July 2007 Scottish arm UK demonstration pilot FOBT, subsequently diagnosed CRC aged 50–72 years May 2009. controls remaining...