In recent years, alkaline exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEM-WE) has attracted a lot of attention for its potential cost reduction compared to traditional systems. Despite this promise, challenges related efficiency and stability must be effectively addressed fully realise the AEM-WE. This paper presents comprehensive investigation an AEM-WE single-cell including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in conjunction with equivalent circuit model (ECM). For first time...

On the path to a low-carbon future, advancements in energy storage seem be achieved on nearly daily basis. However, for use-case of sustainable transportation, only handful technologies can considered, as these must reliable, economical, and suitable transportation applications. This paper describes characteristics aging process two well-established commercially available technologies, namely Lithium-Ion batteries supercaps, one less known system, flywheel storage, context public transit...

Increasing awareness of the adverse health effects air pollution leads to a demand low-cost sensors for measurement pollutants such as NO2. However, commercially available lack accuracy and long-term stability, suffer from cross-sensitivity other gases. These drawbacks can be overcome by method quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). In QEPAS modulated light is absorbed NO2 molecules, which results in production sound wave. The wave detected resonance quartz tuning fork,...

Parabolic trough collectors are widely used to generate thermal and/or electrical energy from direct solar irradiation. These use parabolic mirrors precisely focus sunlight onto so-called absorber tubes. The optimal design and geometric alignment of all necessary components is essential in order achieve a high degree efficiency yield. However, this optical fine-tuning process can be quite challenging many cases avoided by using tubes with larger diameters, which turn cause greater losses...

A new design and retrofit approach for a concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPV-T) system based on parabolic trough collector is presented. The differs from previous hybrid architectures, employing significantly simplified topology in order to reduce costs while keeping electrical efficiency high. To achieve this ambitious goal, the absorber tube of conventional used systems replaced by newly developed equipped with multi-junction solar cells. This offers advantage that existing facilities...

In the field of solar power generation, concentrator systems, such as photovoltaics (CPV) or concentrated (CSP), are subject intensive research activity, due to high efficiencies in electrical generation compared conventional (PV) and low-cost energy storage on thermal side. Even though idea combining part one absorber is obvious, very few hybrid systems (i.e., photovoltaics-thermal (CPV-T)) either described literature commercially available. This paper features conversion a commercial...

Pneumatic conveying is a widely applied technique for the transportation of powders. Dense phase such as slug flow preferable operating condition transport systems. Advantages are reduced energy and gas consumption material wear. The design operation dense conveyors challenging task due to complex dynamics lack reliable meters, which crucial process control. In this work capabilities electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) parameter estimation analysed. parameters addressed demonstrated by...

The transition from fossil fuel-based transportation to clean, electric mobility has be considered one of the crucial steps towards decarbonization. However, along with strong projected increase vehicles, a number new challenges arise. Especially continuously rising charge power in combination an increasing supply by volatile sources result high loads on grid, which may cause instabilities and - worst case even blackouts. Within this paper, possibility integrating flywheel energy storage...

Data related to the performance of burst containments for high-speed rotating machines, such as flywheel energy storage systems (FESS), turbines or electric motors is scarce. However, development optimized containment structures requires statistically significant data, which calls out low-cost test methods a strategic tool. Consequently, rig (so called spin pit) investigation was designed, with goal systematically investigate different and materials, in conjunction failure mechanisms rotors....

Accurate efficiency determination is very important in the field of electric drive research and development. Modern inverters generate pulse width modulated signals with short rise times high frequencies. Thus, high-accuracy power measurements under nonsinusoidal conditions have to be performed. This requires precision voltage current probes, including frequency response flatness over a wide bandwidth linearity up few hundred volts. paper describes development characterization high-voltage...

A model-based, nonlinear reconstruction for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is considered as an inverse problem to find the spatial distributed permittivities in a pipe. The corresponding forward defined by Laplace equation and depending on measurement principle two different sets of boundary data can be obtained problem. Dirichlet correspond voltage measurements Neumann charges electrodes. For each type cost functionals are defined. In this paper, influence examined. Therefore,...

Pneumatic conveying is a standard transportation technique for bulk materials in various industrial fields. Flow metering crucial the efficient and reliable operation of such systems process control. Capacitive measurement are often proposed this application. In method, electrodes placed on conveyor transport line capacitive signals sensed. The design sensor with regard to arrangement number as well evaluation can be divided into two categories. Calibration-based flow meters use regression...

This paper presents two front-end circuit concepts for electrical capacitance tomography sensors. Input stage models are used to analyze the robustness against stray capacitances, indicating clear advantages of displacement current based approach. Hence, a further examination this concept is carried out

Systems for radio-frequency identification (RFID) realize a bidirectional wireless communication between reader device and cheap passive tags (e.g., an RFID chip with antenna printed on badges access-control systems) in the near field of antenna. This paper deals automatic fast tuning resonant antennas widely used 13.56-MHz frequency band, resulting performance improvement increased read/write range. A novel system is proposed transformer adjustment circuit center frequency. achieved by...

This publication demonstrates that flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) are a valid alternative to batteries for storing generated by decentralized rooftop photovoltaic systems. The increasing number of private PV arrays calls out high capacities in order not overload the grid. Despite being current technology choice, chemical still too expensive and have certain disadvantages compared FESS, such as capacity fade over time currently difficult recycling. Within research project at Graz...

Beside a higher amount of reactive power and lower to weight ratio compared with other machine types, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) features robustness, low cost, failure tolerance, wide operation temperature range. With additional electronics construction effort, SRM can be operated as bearingless drive. This is important increase lifetime bearings in vacuum since their lubrication difficult. In this paper, technical potential particular topology produce torque radial force evaluated...

Eddy current displacement sensors (ECDSs) are widely used for the noncontact position measurement of small displacements (lift-offs). Challenges arise with larger as sensitivity ECDSs decreases. This leads to a more pronounced impact temperature variations on inductance and, consequently, an increased error. Design solutions often rely multiple coils, suitable coil carrier materials, and compensation measures address challenges. study presents single-coil ECDS large ranges in environments...

The reconstruction of the spatial complex conductivity σ+jωε0εr from valued impedance measurements forms inverse problem electrical tomography or capacitance tomography. Regularized Gauß-Newton schemes have been proposed for their solution. However, necessary computation Jacobian is known to be computationally expensive, as standard techniques such adjoint field methods require additional simulations. In this work, we show a more efficient way access matrix. particular, presented do not...

The need to reduce fuel consumption, minimize emissions, and improve levels of safety, comfort, reliability is expected result in a much higher demand for electric power future cars. In order develop the needed control algorithms optimize required components some kind virtual prototype environment needed. Even so most good models already exist, an adequate model battery still missing. However, this since has large impact on efficiency total system. Therefore work presents applicable EV HEV...

Due to the continuing trend towards electrification of vehicles, exact determination electrical efficiency is increasing importance. This requires accurate current and voltage measurements. In this paper we present our research on a resistive divider design for wideband power The covers voltages up 1 kV frequency range from DC 10 MHz. parasitic behavior resistors layout are discussed in detail. Furthermore an exemplary implementation 100:1 divider, including capacitive compensation shielding.

Capacitive sensing has become a favorable measurement technology for flow metering in pneumatic conveying systems. Multielectrode structures and tomographic signal evaluations enable spatially resolved parameter estimation, which is of particular interest pneumatically conveyed solids due to inhomogeneous particle distributions within the pipeline. The noninvasive working principle capacitive sensors an important feature application industrial processes with harsh environments. However,...

In recent years, lithium ion batteries have become wide-spread energy sources for various battery-powered applications. particular, LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> are increasingly used high-power automotive and storage Unfortunately, the state of charge (SOC) is not uniquely determined by measuring just battery's open-circuit voltage. However, an alternative approach SOC determination introduced investigating...