Spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) and band-division (BDM) have emerged as solutions to expand the capacity of existing C-band wavelength-division (WDM) optical systems deal with increasing traffic demands. An important difference between these two approaches is that BDM enable data transmission over unused spectral bands already-deployed fibers, whereas SDM require availability additional fibers replicate WDM transmission. On other hand, properly design a multiband line system (OLS),...

We compare the networking merit of two possible multiplexing techniques on top wavelength division to enlarge transmission capacity: band (BDM) that aims at using up all U-to-O low-loss bands available G-652.D fiber and spatial (SDM) implemented by activating additional fibers, used C-band only. use statistical network assessment process (SNAP) derive performance as blocking probability vs. total allocated traffic normalized with respect cardinality. analyze topologies: German regional...

We investigate quality of transmission (QoT) estimation in a multi-band scenario, including wideband description the frequency-dependent physical layer parameters and disaggregated QoT approach.In particular, we use experimentally-derived erbium- thulium-doped fiber amplifier operational data, simulate generation nonlinear interference (NLI) noise by comparing implementations split-step Fourier method, generalized Gaussian (GGN) model implemented open-source GNPy library, an efficient...

Optical communications and networking are fast becoming the solution to support ever-increasing data traffic across all segments of network, expanding from core/metro networks 5G/6G front-hauling. Therefore, optical need evolve towards an efficient exploitation infrastructure by overcoming closed aggregated paradigm, enable apparatus sharing together with slicing separation plane control. In addition advantages in terms efficiency cost reduction, this evolution will increase network...

The reduction of system margin in open optical line systems (OLSs) requires the capability to predict quality transmission (QoT) within them. This quantity is given by generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR), including both effects amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and nonlinear interference accumulation. Among these, estimating ASE most challenging task due spectrally resolved working point erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which depend on spectral load, overall gain profile....

We investigate on the network capacity enabled by C+L optical line systems (OLS) vs. fiber doubling showing that at optimal power, OLS doubles traffic of C-only with very-low penalty respect to doubling.

Network operators are aiming to overcome the envisioned data traffic crunch by relying on already installed fiber cables. Multiband optical line systems (LSs) will thus be solution, starting from extension C+L band transmission. Such a bandwidth also speeds up network disaggregation avoid an increase in costs. Thus, LS controllers need quality-of-transmission estimator (QoT-E) modules capable of quickly estimating merit lightpaths, and so analytical models for transmission layer mandatory....

Following the LOGO paradigm, we propose and test frequency-dependent power control strategies show that 50% pre-tilting for L-band flat launch C-band is a good strategy as predicted by GGN-model.

Both spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) and band-division (BDM) have been proposed to increase the traffic allocation in transparent optical networks. If available, SDM may take advantage of already deployed dark fibers, otherwise BDM is a viable cost-efficient solution by exploiting multiple bands on fibers just upgrading required equipment. We assess network capacity upgrades enabled C+L fiber doubling solutions as realistic upgrade scenario from C-band only case, using statistical...

Modern optical networks depend upon advanced software-defined networking (SDN) technologies, which in turn rely on a network abstraction to infer the quality of transmission (QoT). In general, QoT estimation is based generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR), takes into account ASE noise, cross-phase modulation (XPM) and self-phase (SPM) components nonlinear interference (NLI). Uniquely, SPM accumulates coherently, causing total amount SNR degradation physical lightpath (LP) history,...

We propose a smart grid fiber sensing approach based on Bi-GRU model with an attention mechanism for earthquake early warnings exploiting terrestrial optical networks. Model training and testing use realistic synthetic waves.

The architecture and functionality of an open disaggregated optical network is presented, focusing on the orchestration physical layer digital twin opti-cal controller, implemented experimental multi-vendor triangular-topology setup.

Optical telecommunications networks have become pervasive to satisfy the continuously growing internet traffic demand. At same time, there's a huge interest in deploying wide sensor network for order offer enhanced services environmental monitoring, such as early detection of earthquakes. In this context, large using infrastructure deployed also sensing. paper we employ state polarization (SOP) monitoring intensity modulated channels, still widely metro and access network. We show...

Ultra-wideband transmission utilizes bandwidths beyond the standard C-band to enable significant network capacity upgrades.Upgrading a C+Lband scenario is already feasible, and exploratory being performed in S-, E-, O-bands investigate quality of (QoT) impairments these spectral regions.In this paper, experimental through SCL-and partial E-band region performed, with use hybrid amplifier that exploits discrete Raman amplification for SCL-bands, bismuth-doped fiber (BDFA) E-band.Through...

Both spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) and band-division (BDM) emerge as possible solutions to increase the optical network capacity support traffic demand which has been rising over time. In this work, two different ROADM (Re-configurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer) switching techniques, namely SDM-InS (Independent switching) SDM-CCC (Core Continue Constant) are investigated resulting is compared with BDM approach. case, both L- S-bands have used in addition C-band capacity. The launch...

Wideband optical transmission presents an appealing solution to network throughput and capacity requirements, improving existing architectures with minimally invasive upgrades. This framework provides new perspectives into quality of (QoT) management as a result inter-band effects; the QoT is commonly given by generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR). In this study we address leading impairments in multi-band nonlinear C+L scenario from operational point view, supported mathematical models...

We present the use of interconnected optical mesh networks for early earthquake detection and localization, exploiting existing terrestrial fiber infrastructure. Employing a waveplate model, we integrate real ground displacement data from seven earthquakes with magnitudes ranging four to six simulate strains within cables collect large set light polarization evolution data. These simulations help enhance machine learning model that is trained validated detect primary wave arrivals precede...

We experimentally evaluate the Rayleigh Back-Scattering power penalty in a single-fiber single-wavelength bidirectional link using coherent digital subcarrier-based transceivers and verify theoretical model this scenario. A negligible is achieved by subcarrier-interleaving.

To afford the dramatic intra- and inter-datacenter traffic growth envisioned for decade, IEEE P802.3bs Task Force is targeting standardization of 200 Gb/s 400 Ethernet. Transceivers adopting this standard will need to substantially reduce cost power consumption with respect similar equipment that are currently state-of-the-art long-haul networks. The most promising solution such a challenging objective offered by integrated photonics, technology capable providing high-speed components...

In order to cope with the increase of final user traffic, operators and vendors are pushing towards physical layer aware networking as a way maximize network capacity. To this aim, optical networks becoming more open by exposing parameters enabling fast reliable estimation lightpath quality transmission. This comes in handy not only from point view planning managing paths but also on general picture whole performance. work, Statistical Network Assessment Process (SNAP) is presented. SNAP an...

Lightpaths within optical line systems (OLS)s that deploy coherent technologies are mainly impaired by two additive Gaussian disturbances: the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from amplifiers and non-linear interference (NLI) fiber propagation, together with some amount of phase noise, typically compensated for carrier estimator module digital signal processing (DSP) unit. The main obstacle in accurately modelling physical layer a disaggregated network arises spatially-coherent...