A tree classification system was developed in the 1980s as part of a guide for tree-marking rehabilitation unevenaged northern hardwood stands Québec. It differentiates trees that are at high and low risk mortality, with sawlog potential cull trees. The class assessed based on presence major crown bole defects. main objective present study to evaluate this respect its capacity predict probability mortality. variables used classify were observed 88 experimental plots (0.5 ha) established...

Modelling volumes by log grades in standing hardwood trees is often hindered the nature of response variable. In this paper, we used a two-part conditional model to account for excess zero responses some grades. Moreover, approach was as framework compare three different tree classifications their ability predict yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britton) and sugar maple Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees. A grade classification compared with two preharvest based on mortality risk assessment....

We evaluated silvicultural scenarios for the rehabilitation of impoverished northern hardwood stands in Québec (Canada). The experiment comprises five treatments: a control, hybrid single-tree and group selection (SC), two continuous cover irregular shelterwoods (CCIS) with respective residual basal areas (BAs) 16 m2·ha−1 14 m2·ha−1, an extended shelterwood (EIS) BA m2·ha−1. American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh) advance regeneration was removed brush saws soil mechanically scarified all...

The temperate mixedwood forests of eastern North America have been managed by partial cutting for several decades. To ensure that regeneration contributes to replacing the commercial-size stems are removed cutting, forest managers need anticipate how saplings (i.e., regenerating trees with a diameter at breast height >1.0 cm) develop in terms number and diameter. Using up 20 years monitoring data from three study sites, we developed transition matrix model predict future their...

Northern hardwoods are an ecologically and economically important forest type in eastern North America. Historically, the hardwood supply came from old-growth forests dominated by large-diameter trees. Unfortunately, repeated removal of high-quality trees has substantially degraded reduced profitability primary manufacturing sector. In this context, managers need tools to guide silvicultural investment decisions estimate pre-harvest stand value based on inventories. The objective study was...

We used a permanent sample plot network established to monitor the effects of forest management practiced in mature northern hardwood and mixedwood stands Québec, Canada address two important questions related tree mortality: (1) How does partial cutting affect mortality? (2) Which variables best explain mortality by different modes death (standing death, uprooting or stem breakage)? Decennial deaths were lower after than unharvested plots, but annual proportion was similar (1.25%·year -1 )....

Northern hardwoods are susceptible to a wide range of defects that can reduce the amount sound wood with desirable qualities, such as clear sapwood sugar maple trees. Yet, rate at which trees decline in quality due development has never been quantified northern hardwood forests dearth repeat inventories record appearance over time. As result, it remains uncertain whether, and how, selection management reduces probability quality. In this study, we quantify defects, test several hypotheses...

Abstract In northern hardwood forests, tree markers select the trees to be harvested during logging operations using classification systems that assign harvest priorities based on presence of a wide range individual defects. According most recent advances in our understanding impact defects both vigour (the risk mortality or decline growth) and quality potential for recovering valuable sawlogs), should adopt simpler system considers fewer than current operational practice, they prioritize...

Multi-cohort forest management in northern hardwood stands may well be the best way to successfully regenerate tree species of intermediate shade tolerance, such as yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.). The creation large enough gaps canopy favors increased light availability within opening, while soil scarification provides suitable germination seedbeds. Evidence these methods’ success nonetheless remains mostly purview experimental studies rather than operational tests. In Quebec,...

Individual tree recruitment is an important element needed to understand stand dynamics, as it influences both composition and productivity. Forest growth simulators usually include models. The quality of predictions can have long-term impacts on estimations forest growth, ecosystem health the commercial utility managed forests. main objective this study was develop a model for commercial-size trees (i.e., with diameter at breast height > 9 cm) 10 species groups using different...

Sampling design (distribution of plots, plot sizes, and number sample plots) is an important consideration in planning a field study since it determines the bias precision information obtained. In this study, we evaluated effects two commonly used sampling designs on estimates means related to stand basal area, considered as whole or by diameter class, 10-year growth components, six 2-ha areas located uneven-aged northern hardwood stands Quebec managed under selection cutting. The compares...

Abstract The management of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) at the northern edge its range is mainly oriented toward timber production, from trees higher grades. However, both quality mature in natural stands and how may vary depending on silvicultural treatment are unknown, especially under conditions. objective this study was to describe variation stem (diameter >33 cm) according climatic, geographic or soil variables, evaluate effects a first selection cutting cycle quality. Annual...

Since the mid 1990s, partial cuts have been widely used in yellow birch–conifer stands (BJR, bétulaies jaunes résineuses) temperate forests of Québec. We studied impact residual basal area on stand composition and time required to reconstitute enough merchantable allow for a second cut, according usual standards forest management To do so, we dataset from 9 experiments as well simulations Artémis-2014 growth model those new model, BJR, which calibrated using study data. Our results show that...

Repeated diameter-limit cutting in mixedwood forests often leads to altered stand composition, quality, and regeneration, hence decreasing productivity value over time. We studied the evolution of characteristics after on a 15-year period, beginning from 11 43 years cutting. used 415 sample plots (200 m 2 ) three criteria: (i) ≥9.0 /ha overstory (trees ≥9.1 cm dbh [diameter at breast height, 1.3 above ground]) acceptable growing stock (AGS, i.e. basal area vigorous trees with sawlog...

Four methods of estimating diameter at breast height (DBH) were used on 558 northern hardwood stems, located in 6, 0.25-ha plots, to compare their effects. The first method was a tape reading and the second systematic reading, along predefined axis, taken with calliper. last 2 both obtained from arithmetic mean different pairs calliper readings right angles. pair directed major bole axis other minor axis. 4 compared terms tree diameter, plot basal area volume. There significant differences...

Performing a complete silvicultural diagnosis before treatment generally requires assessing the state of regeneration with help an inventory by sampling, particularly for stands dominated sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) or yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), in which partial cuts are recommended. This may then be compared to standard used growth model saplings (trees diameter measured at 1.3 m above ground (DBH) varies from 1.1 cm 9.0 cm). Some these tools based on sapling...

Improving financial revenues from partial cuts in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stands at the northern edge of species' range involves harvesting trees that have reached their maturity size (i.e., diameter which monetary value is greatest and beyond there no further gain).To establish lumber each tree sawmill, a sample 171 were measured, felled, bucked into logs, sawn boards.We estimated changes over 10 years using data network permanent plots.The most vigorous best quality maples started...

We used 11 silvicultural trials in forests dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) to compare the development of structural attributes between unmanaged stands and subjected two selection cuttings. Results showed that managed had significantly lower amounts large live dead trees, downed coarse woody debris (CWD) volume density trees with wildlife cavities compared stands. Despite these differences, both sufficient maintain excavator bird habitat based on minimum target guidelines...

Many research findings related to tree mortality have been published since 2005, and it is now possible assess postselection cut risks in maple or softwood/yellow birch forest stands. This paper sets out some simple, practical criteria that can be used identify the trees most likely die, for inventory marking purposes prior partial cutting. Crown dieback low quality of butt log are two main indications a sugar (Acer saccharum Marshall) at high risk mortality. As yellow (Betula alleghaniensis...

Depuis le milieu des années 1990, coupes partielles sont utilisées de manière généralisée dans les bétulaies jaunes résineuses (BJR) la forêt tempérée du Québec. Nous avons étudié l’effet surface terrière résiduelle sur composition peuplement et temps nécessaire pour reconstituer une marchande permettant généralement réaliser seconde coupe partielle selon standards habituels l’aménagement forestier au Pour ce faire, nous utilisé un jeu données rassemblant 9 dispositifs expérimentaux ainsi...