Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain CBDB1 is an obligate organohalide-respiring bacterium using only hydrogen as electron donor and halogenated organics acceptor. Here, we studied proteins involved in the respiratory chain under non-denaturing conditions. Using blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), filtration ultrafiltration active dehalogenating protein complex with a molecular mass of 250-270 kDa was identified. The subunit reductive dehalogenase (RdhA) colocalised iron-sulfur...

ABSTRACT Polyhalogenated aromatic compounds are harmful environmental contaminants and tend to persist in anoxic soils sediments. Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain DCMB5, a originating from dioxin-polluted river sediment, was examined for its capacity dehalogenate diverse chloroaromatic compounds. Strain DCMB5 used hexachlorobenzenes, pentachlorobenzenes, all three tetrachlorobenzenes, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene as well 1,2,3,4-tetra- 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo- p -dioxin electron acceptors...

Abstract Organohalide respiration is an environmentally important but poorly characterized type of anaerobic respiration. We compared the global proteome versatile organohalide-respiring Epsilonproteobacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans grown with different electron acceptors (fumarate, nitrate, or tetrachloroethene [PCE]). The most significant differences in protein abundance were found for gene products organohalide region. This genomic region encodes corrinoid and FeS cluster containing...

An often-stated ecomorphological assumption that has the status of ‘textbook knowledge’ is dimensions digestive tract correlate with diet, where herbivores—consuming diets lower digestibility—have longer intestinal tracts than faunivores—consuming higher digestibility. However, statistical approaches have so far failed to demonstrate this link. Here, we collated data on length sections and body mass 519 mammal species, test for various relationships trophic, climatic other biological...

Article20 January 2021Open Access Transparent process Epigenetic gene expression links heart failure to memory impairment Md Rezaul Islam Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany Search more papers by this author Dawid Lbik Clinic of Cardiology Pneumology, Georg-August-University, GermanyThese authors contributed equally work M Sadman Sakib workCorrection added on 05 March 2021, after first online publication: the...

Various body condition scoring (BCS) methods have been developed as management tools in zoo animal husbandry. In contrast to BCS for farm animals, where visual and palpable features are used, these protocols mainly restricted cues. Considering their inherent subjectivity, such face scepticism reliability is questioned. terms of respective methodology, composite (where individual regions scored a sum or mean calculated), algorithm score achieved by following flow chart) overview given based...

Reductive dehalogenation of organohalides is carried out by organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) in anoxic environments. The tetrachloroethene (PCE)-respiring Epsilonproteobacterium Sulfurospirillum multivorans one few OHRB able to respire oxygen. Therefore, we investigated the organism's capacity dehalogenate PCE presence oxygen, which would broaden applicability use S. multivorans, unlike other commonly oxygen-sensitive OHRB, for bioremediation, e.g. at oxic/anoxic interphases....

Abstract In the discussion about zoo elephant husbandry, report of Clubb et al. (2008, Science 322: 1649) that elephants had a “compromised survivorship” compared to certain non‐zoo populations is grave argument, and was possibly one triggers large variety investigations into welfare, changes in management. A side observation whereas survivorship African ( Loxodonta africana ) improved since 1960, this not case Asian Elephas maximus ). We used historical data (based on Species360 database)...

Obesity is a common problem in captive elephants. Therefore, physical state monitoring presents critical aspect preventive elephant healthcare. Some institutions lack the equipment to weigh elephants regularly, so body condition scoring (BCS) valuable alternative tool. As yet, BCS of both species has not been assessed comprehensively for European population. Using previously validated visual protocol, we 192 African (Loxodonta africana) and 326 Asian (Elephas maximus) living zoos (97%...

The inactivation of ancestral protein-coding genes (gene loss) can be associated with phenotypic modifications. Within placental mammals, repeated losses PNLIPRP1 inhibiting fat digestion) occurred preferentially in strictly herbivorous species, whereas NR1I3 involved detoxification) carnivorous species. It was hypothesized that lower contents diets and toxin cause relaxed selection pressure on these genes, resulting the accumulation mutations ultimately to convergent gene losses. However,...

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions felt in body, somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious experiences. Here reveal maps bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...

Foot problems are a common concern in elephant husbandry. Studies on this topic with sample sizes greater than 100 animals have only been carried out North America. We investigated foot health of 243 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) 69 European institutions. During on-site visits between August 2016 and July 2017, standardized pictures were taken each elephant's nails pads. The analyzed respect to pathological lesions (i.e. nail cracks, abscesses), care issues minor abnormalities, which...

Despite increased research during the past years, many characteristics of resting behavior in elephants are still unknown. For example, there is only limited data suggesting express longer lying bouts and total nightly durations on soft substrates as compared to hard surfaces. Additionally, it has not been investigated how frequently change body sides between bouts. Here we present these based observations nighttime 10 zoo (5 African Loxodonta africana 5 Asian Elephas maximus elephants)...

Abstract Animals in seasonal environments often rely on photoperiodicity to time their reproduction. Elephants have a gestation length of approximately two years and historical geographic distribution including higher latitudes than at present, so the evolution breeding pattern cued by timed long‐day period is theoretical option both species. We reviewed literature reproductive patterns free‐ranging, semi‐captive captive Asian African elephants, photoperiodic cueing, variation body...

For ruminants and arboreal herbivores (sloths colobine monkeys), an influence of digestive physiology on resting postures has been postulated that is linked to the interplay anatomy gravity vector. To further explore this putative relationship, we observed 253 individual terrestrial mammalian at zoological gardens, noting 29,478 events in 36 species during day 7,383 18 night, providing a catalogue postures. We confirm constraint sternal recumbency expand observation camelids, which rely...

Abstract Caring for all aspects of zoo elephants’ well‐being is considered a major challenge. Providing an appropriate flooring substrate to facilitate lying rest presents meaningful part holistic management concept. Investigating the impact new sand on nocturnal resting behavior breeding group seven African elephants living at one revealed more total rest, longer bouts and reduced side preference in adult females. With average daily about 1.5–2.0 hrs, investigated expressed compared...

Abstract Regular body mass (BM) monitoring plays a key role in preventative health care of zoo animals. In some species, including African ( Loxodonta africana ) and Asian elephants Elephas maximus ), the process weighing can be challenging, alternative methods such as visual condition scoring (BCS) have been developed. We investigated temporal development both parameters regarding correlation patterns between them, their suitability measures dependence an elephant's life stage. While BM is...

Historically, giraffes (Giraffa spp.) in zoos are known to have a high prevalence of deaths associated with serous fat atrophy, which has been linked the impression that as browsers, they more difficult feed appropriately compared grazing ruminants. Therefore, one could expect zoo-housed be peculiar might have, on average, lower body condition than their free-ranging conspecifics. We collected photographs and individuals used information sex, age, mass, height for subset zoo animals develop...

Stereotypic behaviour in zoo elephants is considered an indicator of impaired welfare. The underlying causes are diverse and many aspects still unexplored. Nevertheless, zoological institutions make huge efforts to improve the well-being their elephants. construction a new exhibit provides chance gain further evidence on impact such measures elephant behaviour. We report significant decrease both amount frequency swaying elderly African (Loxodonta africana) after transition enclosure. While...

Pathological lesions of feet occur frequently in captive elephant populations. To improve foot health, it is important to identify risk factors associated with such pathologies. Several previous studies have analyzed potentially influencing but were limited, for example, by small sample sizes. This study the relationship between 87 independent variables and health score 204 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) European zoos using bivariate correlation, multivariable regression models, principal...

Sulfurospirillum multivorans is a free-living, physiologically versatile Epsilonproteobacterium able to couple the reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated and brominated ethenes growth (organohalide respiration). We present proteomic data S. grown with different electron donors (formate or pyruvate) acceptors (fumarate, nitrate, tetrachloroethene [PCE]). To obtain information on cellular localization proteins, membrane extracts soluble fractions were separated before collection from both...