For a queuing system with Poisson input, single waiting line without defections, and identically distributed independent (negative) exponential service times, the equilibrium distribution of number completions in an arbitrary time interval is shown to be same as input distribution, for any servers. This result has applications problems tandem queuing. The essence proof demonstration independence interdeparture state at end interval.

In this paper we employ a dataset of three dimensions—state, sector, and year—to estimate the short- long-run price elasticities state-level electricity demand in United States. Our sample covers period 2003-2015. We contribute to literature by employing instrumental variable estimation approaches, using between estimator, pursuing panel specifications that enable us control for multiple dimensions fixed effects. conclude is very inelastic short run, with same-year elasticity -0.1.

Standard works on queuing theory are in error the calculation of equilibrium delay distribution—and even average delay—in a single-server system with batch input, when batches not constant size. This paper corrects error, which occurs connection that portion customer due to service times other members same batch.

Does faster economic growth increase pressure for democratic change, or reduce it? Using data 154 countries the period 1963–2007, we examine short-run relationship between and moves toward away from greater democracy. To address potential endogeneity of growth, use variation in precipitation, temperatures, commodity prices as instruments a country's rate growth. Our results indicate that more rapid reduces likelihood institutional change Output contractions due to adverse weather shocks...

Author(s): Stern, David I; Burke, Paul J; Bruns, Stephan B | Abstract: We find that electricity use and access are strongly correlated with economic development, as theory would suggest. Despite large empirical literatures suggestive case evidence, there are, however, few methodologically strong studies establish causal effects on an economy-wide basis. There is some evidence reliability of supply important for growth. propose future research focuses identifying the reliability,...

Abstract This paper introduces one of the first attempts in anthropology to apply notion diaspora Fourth World circumstances—namely, Warlpiri central Australia, many whom have permanently migrated towns and cities, but retain strong connections their home settlements. Coincidently, research project on (2009–12) overlapped with an intensified public policy debate about decline social conditions remote Aboriginal settlements controversial governmental responses. Prior those responses,...

This study analyzes the factors that have facilitated Vietnam's recent rapid solar and wind power expansion draws policy insights for other member states of Association Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). A policy-mix analysis focusing on targets, incentive instruments, enabling regulations, implementation is carried out, informed by semi-structured interviews with 20 Vietnamese experts during period January–March 2021. comparative between Vietnam ASEAN countries provides insights. Generous...

At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 26th Conference of Parties (COP 26) in November 2021, Vietnam pledged to phase out unabated coal power by 2040s or as soon possible thereafter. Achieving this will require major efforts. This study investigates drivers for Vietnam's phase-out decision, barriers achieving a successful thermal out, and potential strategies achieve pledge. To end, survey 43 experts from government agencies, research institutions, civil society,...

Electric vehicles (EVs) are likely to emerge as the main means of zero-emission road transport. China has used a variety policy approaches encourage EV adoption, including vehicle purchase subsidies. This study uses three-dimensional dataset estimate effect subsidies for domestic EVs on adoption in 316 cities over January 2016–December 2019. An instrumental variable approach that utilizes timing cancellation local by central government is pursued. The findings suggest have led sizeable...

Abstract This paper uses data for 134 countries the period 1960–2010 to document an energy ladder that nations ascend as their economies develop. On average, economic development results in overall substitution from use of biomass sourced fossil fuels, and then increasingly towards nuclear power certain low-carbon modern renewables such wind power. The process carbon intensity evolving inverse-U manner per capita incomes increase. Fossil fuel-poor climb more quickly upper rungs...

Australia is a world leader in household uptake of solar photovoltaic systems. In this paper, we use household‐level data to identify economic, social, and environmental factors that influence actual the intention install. We find higher net wealth generally associated with likelihood Households have mortgages, spend more on electricity, pay average electricity prices are likely intend Environmental preferences related behaviours, property tenure, space constraints both from Survey Income...