Objective Women have consistently been shown to report greater numbers of physical symptoms. Our aim in this study was assess gender differences for specific symptoms and how much these were attributable psychiatric comorbidity. Method Data from the PRIME-MD 1000 (1000 patients four primary care sites evaluated with Primary Care Evaluation Mental Disorders interview) analyzed determine reporting 13 common The effect on symptom assessed by multivariate analysis, adjusting depressive anxiety...

The authors identify the differences in formal inclusion and exclusion criteria used to classify patient data into diagnoses as largest source of diagnostic unreliability psychiatry. They describe efforts that have been made reduce these differences, particularly specified approach defining categories, which was developed for research purposes. On basis studies showing use increases reliability judgments, they suggest including such next edition APA's Diagnostic Statistical Manual Mental...

Recently there has been increased interest in the special mental health needs of women. We used data from PRIME-MD 1000 study to assess gender differences frequency disorders primary care settings, and explore potential impact these on health-related quality life (HRQL).One thousand patients (559 women) were interviewed during study, which was conducted at four clinics affiliated with university hospitals throughout eastern United States. Patients completed a one-page questionnaire waiting...

In 1973 homosexuality per se was removed from the DSM-II classification of mental disorders and replaced by category Sexual Orientation Disturbance. This represented a compromise between view that preferential is invariably disorder it merely normal sexual variant. While controversy highly public, more recently related but less public involved what became DSM-III Ego-dystonic Homosexuality. The author presents reformulation issues in diagnostic status homosexuality. He argues at issue value...

Over recent decades, ungulate populations across Europe have undergone a rapid recovery. While this constitutes conservation success, there is increasing concern about their impacts on shared resources with humans. Understanding food choices crucial for predicting such impacts. Numerous studies focused single species or communities at narrow spatial scales. Here, we used 265 published diets from 87 European to investigate patterns of resource use by four common deer (moose Alces alces , red...

The authors describe changes in DSM-III substance use disorders to be included the revised version, DSM-III-R. Major revisions include removal of distinction between "abuse" and "dependence" broadening definition a syndrome clinically significant behaviors that indicate serious degree involvement with psychoactive drugs; creation new category "psychoactive neuroadaptation syndrome" for individuals whose physiological adaptations high doses substances did not arise from their own behavior; an...

Using the newly revised DSM-III-R criteria for substance-abuse diagnoses, we examined dependence syndrome elements among 83 psychiatric patients. The sample included 14 with no history of substance abuse. remainder abused alcohol (52), sedatives (31), hallucinogens (12), stimulants (33), cannabis (44), cocaine or opiates (47). Many patients (52) had more than one type drug. Ten items assessing proposed symptoms each drug were factor-analysed. formed a single factor opiates, cocaine, and...

Abstract Across the northern hemisphere, land use changes and, possibly, warmer winters are leading to more abundant and diverse ungulate communities causing increased socioeconomic ecological consequences. Reliable population estimates crucial for sustainable management, but it is currently unclear which monitoring method most suitable track in multi‐species assemblages. We compared dung counts camera trapping as two non‐invasive census methods estimate densities of moose Alces alces roe...

To determine if there is a core subset of depressive symptoms that could be used to efficiently diagnose depression after administering the 2-item PRIME-MD screening questionnaire for depression.One thousand patients selected randomly and by convenience from 4 primary care clinics were assessed completed measuring following validation variables: functional status well-being, disability days, somatic symptoms, severity, suicidal thoughts, health utilization, physician-patient...

The psychiatric comorbidity, health, and functioning of primary care patients with alcohol abuse dependence (AAD) were investigated in a sample 1,000 patients. Psychiatric symptomatology was assessed the Primary Care Evaluation Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) diagnostic system. Health functional status Medical Outcomes Study Short Form General Survey (SF-20). Results indicated that use PRIME-MD system brought about 71% increase physician recognition AAD. AAD diagnosed substantial they reported...

Pellet counts are widely used to monitor ungulates but rely on the assumption that pellets of different species correctly identified in field. Recent studies question this using DNA barcoding techniques check field identification rates. For Europe, which is undergoing a rapid shift towards more diverse ungulate assemblages, such an assessment still missing. Using 3889 fecal samples from nine four European countries, we found average misidentification rates varied 0.6% for horse (Equus ferus)...

The organic/nonorganic distinction in contemporary classifications of mental disorders such as DSM-III and DSM-III-R has important prognostic treatment implications, because it directs the clinician to pay special attention possibility an underlying "physical" disorder cause disturbance. However, term "organic" raises serious intractable problems, since connotative meaning always returns its historical roots, which imply outmoded functional/structural, psychological/biological, mind/body...

The moose (Alces alces) is a dominant large mammalian herbivore in the world's boreal zones. Moose exert significant browsing impacts on forest vegetation and are therefore often at centre of wildlife-forestry conflicts. Consequently, understanding drivers their foraging behaviour crucial for mitigating such Management parts its range currently largely ignores fact that influenced by increasing populations sympatric deer species. In multispecies systems, resource partitioning may be driven...

Abstract Differences in botanical diet compositions among a large number of moose faecal samples collected during winter correlated with the nutritional differences identified same (Mantel‐ r = 0.89, p 0.001), but were significantly smaller ( < 0.001). Nutritional geometry revealed that mixed Scots pine Pinus sylvestris and Vaccinium spp. as nutritionally complementary foods to reach target resembling Salix twigs, selected for browse (Jacob's D > 0). Available protein (AP) total...

Physicians, including psychiatrists, give a lot of thought in their everyday work to answer the question whether or not particular patient has disorder; they rarely much broader issue what constitutes disorder. Remarkably, and consistent with harmful dysfunction (HD) analysis, there is broad consensus both general public medical health professions as conditions are disorders--even though no definition The HD analysis substantial advance over previous attempts define disorder specifying...

Abstract Reliable population estimates are an important aspect of sustainable wildlife management and conservation but can be difficult to obtain for rare elusive species. Here, we test a new census method based on pedigree reconstruction recently developed by Creel Rosenblatt (2013). Using panel 96 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s), genotyped fecal samples from two Swedish brown bear populations reconstruction. Based 433 genotypes central Sweden CS ) 265 northern NS ), the N = 630 ,...

Abstract Coprophagy, the eating of feces, has been documented in a wide range species but appears to be rare or difficult detect deer (Cervidae). Here, we report first observation coprophagy moose Alces alces , which was recorded using camera collars on free‐ranging Norway. The footage shows an instance allocoprophagy by adult female spring (May). We summarize current knowledge about and briefly discuss potential drivers possible implications for disease transmission. Further research is...

Abstract Animals representing a wide range of taxonomic groups are known to select specific food combinations achieve nutritionally balanced diet. The nutrient balancing hypothesis suggests that, when given the opportunity, animals foods particular target balance, and that occurs between meals days. For wild ruminants who inhabit landscapes dominated by human land use, imbalanced diets can result from ingesting agricultural crops rich in starch sugar (nonstructural carbohydrates [NCs]),...