<h3>Abstract</h3> Bacteria can be harnessed to synthesise high-value chemicals. A promising strategy for increasing productivity uses inducible control systems switch metabolism from growth chemical synthesis once a large population of cell factories are generated. However, use expensive inducers limits scalability this approach biotechnological applications. Switching using cheap nutrients is an appealing alternative, but their tightly regulated uptake and consumption again scalability....

Conductive copper lines were directly written on paper through inkjet printing of a salt and reducing agent sequentially from multi-color printhead. The ink was an aqueous citrate solution the sodium borohydride (NaBH4). two inks loaded in separate compartments traditional HP color cartridge, which enabled generation droplet streams compartments. cartridge fixed above X–Y positioning table conductive prepared using multiple passes. estimated conductivity obtained (1.8 × 106 S m−1) is about...

The optical emission spectra (180–760 nm) of plasmas produced by a flashlamp-pumped dye laser focused on an aluminum target have been recorded and analyzed. In the incident intensity range from near plasma threshold to 5×107 W/cm2 electron temperature was calculated relative Al(II) states (Te=8.0×103 K). density determined Stark broadened linewidths four lines. Both spatial temporal dependence were obtained providing map temperature.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recently issued a proposal to reduce the occupational eye dose limit from 150 20 mSv. A series of experiments been performed determine level protection scattered radiation afforded interventional radiology operator by protective lead glasses, taking into account variation in position and angle head rotation. lenses glasses have equivalence 0.75 mm with 0.5 present side shields. Our results led us propose use general reduction...

Intense laser emission has been observed from the KrF molecule formed by a chemical reaction initiated fast discharge. With gas mixture of He:Kr:NF3=500:50:1 and sample pressure 700 Torr, an output energy 0.8 mJ was measured 25-nsec pulse (FWHM). Spectral analysis indicated action at 248.5 249.5 nm.

Patients with reflux oesophagitis have a diminished capacity for distal oesophageal clearance. This is considered to be secondary acid damage the wall. We postulated that observed dysmotility primary phenomenon. Using 24 hour pH monitoring and solid bolus egg transit test, we evaluated of 55 patients, symptomatic oesophagitis, 16 healthy volunteers. The entire oesophagus was significantly prolonged in patient group. delay evident all three segments oesophagus. Amongst there significant...

Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) is a method by which critical radiation dose delivered to the tumour bed immediately after surgical excision. It being investigated whether single high of will impart same clinical benefit as standard course external beam therapy. Our centre has four Photon Radiosurgery Systems (PRS) currently used irradiate breast and neurological sites.

A new analytic technique was developed to determine quantitatively the concentration of gas-phase species at concentrations well below measurement capabilities atomic absorption and mass spectroscopy. The method involves injecting an excess energetic metastable species, N2(A3Σ+u) in this experiment, into a gas stream containing be measured, Bi case. Energy transfer from sample results excitation subsequent rapid emission light. intensity light emitted wavelengths characteristic is function...

Abstract This paper reports the fabrication of micro‐ and macropatterns ordered mesostructured silica on arbitrary flat curved surfaces using a facile robot‐directed aerosol printing process. Starting with homogenous solution soluble silica, ethanol, water, surfactant as self‐assembling ink, columnated stream droplets is directed to substrate surface. For deposition at room temperature droplet coalescence substrates attendant solvent evaporation result in continuous, highly mesophases. The...

While patient entrance surface dose rate is an important indicator of performance for fluoroscopic units, there has been no standardized approach to measuring this. Since results are strongly dependent on the type phantom used and relative positions X-ray tube, intensifier phantom, comparisons different units difficult make. This document sets out a protocol making these measurements using standard configurations types unit Values rates which might be expected given.

We have used a variety of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to study the crystal interior l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) during solvent-mediated polymorphic transformation process. Remarkably, we found encapsulation stable form l-Glu within metastable form. In particular, verified using novel approach focused ion beam microscopy, which although extensively in semiconductor industry, has not previously been polymorphism. It long predicted that cooling crystallization, nucleation more than one...

The specification of shielding for CT facilities in the UK and many other countries has been based on isodose scatter curves supplied by manufacturers combined with scanner's mAs workload. Shielding calculations radiography fluoroscopy are linked to a dose measurement radiation incident patient called kerma-area product (KAP), related quantity, dose-length (DLP), is now employed assessment doses. In this study link between air kerma DLP investigated scanners from different manufacturers....

The acoustic waves reported by Bates et al. are directly observed means of a solid-dielectric capacitance microphone. initial time development the pressure wave indicates that vibration–vibration energy transfer rate in SF6 is not less than 2 × 106 sec−1·Torr−1.

The anodic behavior of highly doped in aqueous was investigated. Electrodes anodized the absence light 2– at a constant potential 0.5– (SCE), or subjected to linear sweeps potentials this range, were shown exhibit formation nanoporous subsurface region. Both sweep voltammograms and current-time curves showed characteristic peak, corresponding No porous region formed during anodization . examined using transmission electron microscopy found have thickness some 1– depending on conditions be...

Through the utilization of a generalized computer code that calculates minimum reactive branching ratio required for species to display optical gain, parametric study was performed ascertain which properties electronic potential curves heteronuclear diatomic molecule have greatest effect on suitability as transition laser. The results this demonstrate systems separate into different classes when question is confronted. This separation molecular translated through use compiled constants...

Lithium fluoride (LiF) TLD-100 is one of the most commonly used thermoluminescent (TL) materials for measurement entrance surface dose (ESD) in diagnostic radiology. However, minimum detectable (MDD) achieved, as derived from measurements random uncertainty present background signal, usually quoted being 50-100 microGy. A more appropriate definition MDD use clinical setting at which exhibit a specified level uncertainty. This will give rise to higher value MDD. An microGy precludes accurate...