Backbone of a real time monitoring and controlling operations in power systems is state estimation. The main goal the paper to use all useful data (collected by measurements) process robust Data acquisition Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) has an important role providing accurate forecasted estimator. Conventional measurements have much lower transfer rate than PMUs. On other hands, number received from PMUs fewer conventional due this fact, system are not observable only This fact leads...

Robust real-time state estimation in power systems is regarded as the first and foremost exigency controlling managing a safety network. Using prediction operations, dynamic (DSE) considered an applicable efficient means for online tracking monitoring of In this paper, new criterion has been introduced DSE system to maximize posterior probability density function. Furthermore, comprehensive model consistent with information available from network will be recommended. The estimator proposed...

The Birnbaum-Saunders (BS) distribution is an asymmetric probability model that receiving considerable attention. In this article, we propose a methodology based on new class of BS models generated from the Student-t distribution. We obtain recurrence relationship for nonlinear skew–t Model parameters estimators are obtained by means maximum likelihood method, which evaluated Monte Carlo simulations. illustrate results analyzing two real data sets. These analyses allow adequacy proposed to...

The aim of this study is to present a method for solving the planning and expansion problems in distribution systems order determine location size new substations development existing transformers find optimal structure feeders selecting suitable cross-section presence wind turbines. objective function problem has been mathematically-formulated considering uncertainty conditions turbines pseudo-dynamic multi-stage design. Also genetic algorithm used as an optimization tool problem. In...

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In this article, the extreme-value distribution of partial maximum for a random sequence normal-skew-normal (NSN) distribution, to Gumbel is derived. The asymptotic normalized and its optimal convergence rate are determined using choice normalizing constants. These results applied derive distributions minimum exchangeable trivariate normal vectors, lifetimes parallel series systems having three dependent log-normal components.

In the present study exact solution of thermal buckling circular plates made Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) bimorphs under uniform loading with regard to first-order shear deformation theory and nonlinear asymmetrical Von Karman assumptions was provided clamped simply supported conditions. Properties FGM compared middle surface plate in term power law changes line thickness. a way that is pure metal margins are ceramic. Using energy method, equation equilibrium extracted stability...

پیشینه و اهداف: ورود فاوا در آموزش، سبک‌های سنتی را کاملا متحول کرده نظریات یادگیری به چالش کشیده است. دستاوردهای چنین حضوری کلاس‌های مجازی، دانشگاه هوشمند، مجازی بطورکلی الکترونیکی منجر شده حقیقت ارتباطات دنیای مبنایی برای تمامی تعاملات میان اساتید/معلمان فراگیران مؤسسات آموزشی دولتی سایر دستگاه­ها مبدل گردیده  استفاده از جهان امروز تغییرات اساسی عمده‌ای آموزش است: ارائه فراوان اطلاعات، تصور دانشجویان دگرگون می‌سازد؛ توزیع وسیع دسترسی آسان رابطه بین استادان تغییر داده است؛ انعطاف‌پذیری،...

The zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality set $S$ with colored (black) vertices which forces $V(G)$ to be after some times. "color change rule": white vertex changed black when it only neighbor vertex. In this case, we say that We investigate here concept connected and number. discusses subject for special graphs products graphs. Also introduce propagation time. Graphs extreme times maximum $|G|-1$ $|G|-2$ are characterized.

Solar chimneys and thermal storage walls can provide comfortable conditions for occupants. In this paper, numerical investigations are conducted of a system which is functional in terms both natural ventilation passive heating. The applied to south-facing one-story building located Shiraz, Iran. Initially, the most effective angle diagonal part maximize rate specific site specified via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Then, three designs introduced assessed. It observed that an 45 degrees...

State estimation is the foundation of any control and decision making in power networks. The first requirement for a secure network precise safe state estimator order to make decisions based on accurate knowledge status. This paper introduces new which able detect bad data with few calculations without need repetitions residual calculation. equipped filter formed different times according Principal Component Analysis (PCA) measurement data. In addition, proposed employs dynamic relationships...