Terahertz (THz) band communications are envisioned as a key technology for 6G and Beyond. As fundamental wireless infrastructure, THz communication can boost abundant promising applications. In 2014, our team published two comprehensive roadmaps the development progress of networks, which helped research community to start on this subject afterwards. The topic became very important appealing due systems design in recent years. Many papers getting covering different aspects using band. With...

Superhydrophobic surfaces have shown great application prospects due to their excellent water repellency in many applications involving fluid–surface interactions. As a ubiquitous interaction phenomenon, droplet impacting dynamics has crucial effect on the of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this Perspective, we summarize basic process and introduce two most concerned parameters that describe dynamics, i.e., maximum spreading coefficient contact time. We then review improvement strategies for...

While ridged, spherical, or cone superhydrophobic surfaces have been extensively utilized to explore the droplet impact dynamics and possibility of reducing contact time, with a single small pillar received less attention. Here, we report rebound splashing phenomena droplets on various single-pillar pillars having smaller equal sizes compared droplets. Our results indicate that inhibit flat ones, former sequentially exhibit three morphologies top, bottom, breakup rebounds increasing Weber...

Superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with macrostructures have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent performance of reducing the contact time impacting droplets. In many practical applications, surface is not perpendicular droplet impact direction, but dynamics in such scenarios still remain mysterious. Here, we experimentally investigate on inclined ridged superhydrophobic and reveal effect Wen (the normal Weber number) α inclination angle) τ. As increases, τ first decreases...

Simple and smart directional transport of impacting droplets is great significance for future life industry, but there are still many challenges due to complex hydrodynamics. Inspired by Setaria viridis leaves, we propose an efficient strategy manipulate the split based on simple design liquid-repellent surfaces decorated with a ridge, report large-scale, high-speed, fast-response bidirectional droplets. Upon wirelike droplet splits into two parts, which have considerable horizontal velocity...

Abstract Droplet impact on solid surfaces is widely involved in diverse applications such as spray cooling, self‐cleaning, and hydrovoltaic technology. Maximum solid‒liquid contact area yielded by droplet spreading one key parameter determining energy conversion between droplets surfaces. However, for the maximum deformation of droplets, length width are usually mixed indiscriminately, resulting unignored prediction errors area. Herein, we investigate highlight difference width. The never...

The conventional coalescence-induced jumping of droplets has been extensively studied, but the energy conversion efficiency droplet is low and direction uncontrollable, which greatly limits application jumping. In this work, we report an enhanced guided self-propelled on a superhydrophobic surface with macrotexture analyze mechanism enhancement guidance. interaction between liquid bridge changes enhances efficiency. can be controlled at about 45°, increased by 2.7 times.

Wind-dispersal of seeds is a remarkable strategy in nature, enlightening the construction microfliers for environmental monitoring. However, flight these greatly affected by climatic conditions, especially rainy days, they suffer serious raindrop impact. Here, hierarchical superhydrophobic surface fabricated and novel demonstrated that coating can enhance spreading while reduce contact time impact force raindrops, all which are beneficial rotating microfliers. When speed exceeds critical...

With the development of superhydrophobic surface preparation technology, coalescence-induced droplet jumping shows broad application prospects in fields enhanced condensation heat transfer and self-cleaning. In this work, process heterogeneous homogeneous droplets on superamphiphobic surfaces was studied by using glycerol–water mixtures with different glycerol volume fractions. The results showed that tension gradient will lead to asymmetric deformation droplets, distribution internal...

Gallium-based liquid metal is a new class of material that has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent deformation characteristics and great potential in applications. Based on the droplets, researchers have developed many oscillation systems composed gallium indium tin alloy (GaInSn) droplet graphite, or aluminum-doped (Al-GaIn24.5) iron, so on. Rather than oxidation deoxidation mechanisms used previous systems, an system can achieve (EGaIn) with frequency 0–29 Hz designed...

The transportation and control of microfluidics have an important influence on the fields biology, chemistry, medicine. Pump systems based electrocapillary effect room-temperature liquid metal droplets attracted extensive attention. Flow rate is parameter that reflects delivery performance pump systems. In previous studies, cylindrical structures are mostly used to constrain droplet. analysis quantitative description voltage frequency, alternating voltage, direct current bias, solution...

Droplet impact and droplet coalescence are two very common phenomena. When these processes occur on a superhydrophobic surface in an appropriate sequence, interesting but little-noticed phenomenon will with rotation of the rebounding-coalescing droplet. impacts another stationary velocity position, reaction force produced by moment arm formed liquid bridge produces reversed torque. This reverse torque causes to rotate after rebounding. The early stage process is key rotation, relative...

Coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces has good application potential in the fields of heat transfer enhancement, self-cleaning, water collection, and microfluidics. However, direction droplets plane is uncontrollable energy conversion rate low, which limits jumping. In this work, we report a flexible approach to efficiently regulate velocity using string. By changing inclination angle string, coalescent shows maximum deviation 68.1° from surface normal. The 32.1%,...

Droplet splitting is a fascinating interfacial phenomenon, which shows great potential in applications such as fluid dispending and liquid spraying. Splitting behaviors of droplet impact on structured superhydrophobic surfaces are highly transient complex, but the underlying mechanism far from clear. Here, we report dynamics ridged through experimental theoretical investigations. As Weber number increases, three modes appear sequence: non-splitting, departure splitting, contact splitting....