A5011493742- HIV Research and Treatment
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Muon and positron interactions and applications
- interferon and immune responses
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
Heidelberg University
2016-2025
University Hospital Heidelberg
2016-2025
Heidelberg University
2015-2025
German Center for Infection Research
2015-2024
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
2015
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1991-2008
University of California, San Francisco
2000-2002
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1999-2001
Saarland University
1997-1998
Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
1996-1997
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ interactions are compared in two detectors located along beam axis at distances 1 735 km. With $1.27\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}$ 120 GeV protons incident target, 215 events with energies below 30 observed Far Detector, an expectation $336\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}14$...
Guanylate-binding protein (GBP) 5 is an interferon (IFN)-inducible cellular factor reducing HIV-1 infectivity by incompletely understood mechanism. Here, we show that this activity shared GBP2, but not other members of the human GBP family. GBP2/5 decrease proprotein convertase furin, which mediates conversion envelope (Env) precursor gp160 into mature gp120 and gp41. Because process primes Env for membrane fusion, viral particles produced in presence are poorly infectious due to increased...
Productive entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is believed to occur by direct fusion at the plasma membrane. Endocytic uptake HIV particles has been observed in several studies but considered be nonproductive, leading degradation lysosome. We show here that endocytosis contributes significantly productive HeLa cells using trans dominant-negative mutants dynamin and Eps15. Inducible expression a mutant CD4-positive cell line reduced infection 40 80%. This effect was independent...
The introduction of a label which can be detected in living cells opens new possibilities for the direct analysis dynamic processes virus replication, such as transport and assembly structural proteins. Our aim was to generate tool trafficking main protein human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1), Gag, well virus-host cell interactions an authentic setting. We describe here construction characterization infectious HIV derivatives carrying within Gag polyprotein. Based on our initial finding...
The RhoA-effector Dia1 controls actin-dependent processes such as cytokinesis, SRF transcriptional activity, and cell motility. polymerizes actin through its formin homology (FH) 2 domain. Here we show that acts upstream of RhoA independently effects on assembly. binds to the leukemia-associated Rho-GEF (LARG) RhoA-dependent release autoinhibition. FH2 domain stimulates guanine nucleotide exchange activity LARG in vitro. Our results reveal is necessary for LPA-stimulated Rho/ROCK signaling...
ABSTRACT The assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles is tightly linked to components the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) pathway. We and others have shown that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in production HCV particles. However, mechanism by which ApoE contributes virion assembly/release how it gets associated with particle poorly understood. found knockdown reduces titers intra- extracellular but not related dengue virus. depletion also reduced amounts core...
ABSTRACT As obligate parasites, viruses strictly depend on host cell translation for the production of new progeny, yet infected cells also synthesize antiviral proteins to limit virus infection. Modulation therefore represents a frequent strategy by which optimize their replication and spread. Here we sought define how is regulated during infection human with dengue (DENV) Zika (ZIKV), two positive-strand RNA flaviviruses. Polysome profiling analysis de novo protein synthesis revealed that...
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently suppresses HIV replication but immune activation and low CD4 T cell counts often persist. The underlying mechanism of this ART-resistant pathogenesis is not clear. We observed that levels plasma extracellular vesicles (pEV) are strongly elevated in infection do decline during ART. Surprisingly, these contained the viral accessory proteins Nef Vpu, which assumed to be expressed under efficient ART, as well pro-inflammatory effectors, including...
Abstract Pathogens face varying microenvironments in vivo, but suitable experimental systems and analysis tools to dissect how three-dimensional (3D) tissue environments impact pathogen spread are lacking. Here we develop an Integrative method Study Pathogen by Experiment Computation within Tissue-like 3D cultures (INSPECT-3D), combining quantification of replication with imaging study single-cell cell population dynamics. We apply INSPECT-3D analyze HIV-1 between primary human CD4...
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) display enhanced transmissibility and resistance to antibody neutralization. Comparing the early 2020 isolate EU-1 VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma in mice transgenic for human ACE2 reveals that induce a broadened scope symptoms, expand systemic infection gastrointestinal tract, elicit depletion natural killer cells, trigger variant-specific cytokine production patterns. infections result accelerated disease progression associated with increased immune activation...