An iterative lidar-signal inversion method is presented that valid for two-component (molecular andaerosol) scattering atmospheres. The procedure transforms the original lidar signal, thereby making it possible to use lidar-equation solution a single-component atmosphere. In manner analogous Fernald's approach, molecular extinction profile used as foundation boundary-condition determination, but can be performed with either constant or variable (range-dependent) phase functions. A specific...

Рассматривается псевдотензорная формулировка теории микрополярной упругости Нейбера. Приведены и обсуждаются динамические уравнения микрополярного континуума в терминах относительных тензоров (псевдотензоров). Даны определяющие для линейного изотропного твердого тела. Окончательные формы динамических уравнений смещений микровращений получены тензоров. Устранены недочеты окончательной форме Получены Нейбера цилиндрической системе координат.

Unlike other errors in the lidar equation solution for two-component atmosphere, error of measured aerosol extinction coefficient caused by inaccuracies assumed backscatter-to-extinction ratios significantly depends on spatial inhomogeneity. In a slightly nonhomogeneous an incorrect value ratio does not corrupt measurement result, whereas atmosphere with large monotonic change [e.g., lower troposphere], yields distortion retrieved extinction-coefficient profile. latter case, even far-end can...

High spatial and temporal resolution elastic backscatter lidar data from Baltimore are analyzed with a near‐end approach to estimate vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient. The makes use (1) scattering coefficient measured at surface nephelometer (0.530 μm), (2) level particle size distribution, (3) refractive index calculated using Mie theory boundary condition for equation. There was broad range atmospheric turbidity due strong haze event, which occurred because smoke...

The methodology of using mobile scanning lidar data for investigation smoke plume rise and high-resolution dispersion is considered. based on the lidar-signal transformation proposed recently [Appl. Opt. 48, 2559 (2009)]. In this study, similar used to create atmospheric heterogeneity height indicator (HHI), which shows all heights at was detected by a lidar. simple robust. Subtraction initial signal offset from measured not required. HHI examples derived scans obtained with U.S. Forest...

Distortions of particular extinction-coefficient profiles measured with lidar in a two-component (molecular and aerosol) scattering atmosphere are analyzed. The error the extinction coefficient at range r depends on location point rb, where boundary value is specified, particulate optical depth between rb; backscatter-to-extinction ratio; ratio molecular extinction. If near-end solution used, small measurement errors can produce significant divergence actual retrieved profiles, even if...

A new approach to investigate the mechanical properties of multilayer graphene was suggested.The method is based on idea that van der Waals interaction between sheets can be simulated by a fictitious layer continuum.The stress-strain state described stationary equations Navier-Lame.This has been successfully tested deflection.The layers were considered as linear-elastic material.For each part curve approximates dependence deflection applied force, corresponding elastic constants found.

A technique for determining approximate ozone-concentration profiles from differential absorption lidar (DIAL) data obtained in the troposphere with large gradients of aerosol backscattering is presented. The atmospheric interferences are defined as errors off-on DIAL signal ratio; separated and removed before ratio differentiated. To facilitate separation regular (subjected to differentiation) component random noise, transformed into an intermediate function, measurement error minimized by...

A stable variant of the near-end solution has been developed for inversion lidar signals measured in clear atmospheres. The is based on use reference values extinction coefficient obtained with a nephelometer at measurement site. method, combination optical depth and boundary point solutions, illustrated by simulated experimental data.

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We propose a modified algorithm for the gradient method to determine near-edge smoke plume boundaries using backscatter signals of scanning lidar. The running derivative ratio signal standard deviation (STD) accumulated sum STD is calculated, and location global maximum this function found. No empirical criteria are required boundaries; thus can be used without priori selection threshold values. not sensitive random noise at far end lidar measurement range. Experimental data obtained with...

Abstract An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal slope scans combined to reduce the atmospheric heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of optical depth intercept (proportional logarithm backscatter coefficient) determined. The purpose this approach is identify remove points that distort regression analysis results order improve accuracy retrieved intercept. In...

We present a modified technique for processing multiangle lidar data that is applicable relatively clear atmospheres, where the utilization of conventional Kano–Hamilton method meets significant issues. Our retrieval algorithm allows computing two-way transmission and corresponding extinction-coefficient profile in any slope direction searched during scanning. These parameters are obtained from backscatter term solution square-range-corrected signal; second component solution, related with...

A new method is considered that can be used for inverting data obtained from a combined elastic-inelastic lidar or high spectral resolution operating in one-directional mode, an elastic multiangle mode. The particulate extinction coefficient retrieved the simultaneously measured profiles of backscatter and optical depth. stepwise profile column-integrated ratio found provides best matching initial (inverted) depth to by inversion backscatter-coefficient profile. retrieval made without using...

The influence of lidar data systematic errors on the retrieved particulate extinction coefficient profile in clear atmospheres is investigated. Particularly, two sources distortions are analyzed: (1) a zero-line offset remaining after subtraction an inaccurately determined signal background component and (2) far-end incomplete overlap due to poor adjustment system optics. Inversion results for simulated signals, obtained with near- solutions, presented that show advantages near-end solution...

A new method based on a two-angle approach is developed to determine the lidar solution constant from scanning elastic data, hence providing relative calibration for each scan. Once determined, vertical profiles of atmospheric extinction can be calculated. With this minimization technique used that replaces linear regression in known requires only local homogeneity over restricted altitude range rather than overall horizontal homogeneity. Lidar signals at least one pair elevation angles are...

The upper height of a region intense backscatter with poorly defined boundary between this and clear air above it is found as the maximal where aerosol heterogeneity detectable, that is, can be discriminated from noise. theoretical basis behind retrieval technique corresponding lidar-data-processing procedures are discussed. We also show how such applied to one-directional measurements. Examples typical results obtained scanning lidar in smoke-polluted atmospheres experimental data an urban...

We present an alternative method for determining the total offset in lidar signal created by a daytime background-illumination component and electrical or digital offset. Unlike existing techniques, here square-range-correction procedure is initially performed using recorded lidar, without subtraction of component. While performing square-range correction, lidar-signal monotonic change due to molecular atmosphere simultaneously compensated. After these corrections, found slope above...

Field theories of the continuum mechanics and physics based on least action principle are considered in a unified framework.Variation integral corresponds variations physical fields while space -time coordinates not varied.However notion invariance, theory variational symmetries conservation laws require wider variation procedure including space-time coordinates.A similar situation is concerned to problems with strong discontinuities field variables or other priori unknown free boundaries...