A bstract We study the first law for non-stationary perturbations of a stationary black hole whose event horizon is Killing horizon, that relates first-order change in mass and angular momentum to entropy an arbitrary cross-section. Recently, Hollands, Wald Zhang [1] have shown dynamical satisfies this law, general relativity, S dyn = (1 − v∂ v ) BH , where affine parameter null generators Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, diffeomorphism covariant theories gravity Wall entropy. They obtained by...

Intense crosswind conditions significantly affect the safety of vehicular travel on highways. This study investigates influence embankment configuration flow characteristics highways by employing an advanced large eddy simulation (LES) technique based spatial averaging. The analysis focuses how height and slope time-averaged velocity field, structure, turbulence stress, statistical properties pulsating velocities in highway crosswinds. Additionally, numerical method is validated integrating...

Expanding the work of Wall [], we show that black holes obey a second law for linear perturbations to bifurcate Killing horizons, in any covariant higher curvature gravity coupled scalar and vector fields. The fields do not need be gauged, (like scalars) can have arbitrary nonminimal couplings metric. increasing entropy has natural expression phase space language, which makes it manifestly invariant under Jacobson-Kang-Myers ambiguities. An explicit formula is given <a:math...

Expanding the work of arXiv:1504.08040, we show that black holes obey a second law for linear perturbations to bifurcate Killing horizons, in any covariant higher curvature gravity coupled scalar and vector fields. The fields do not need be gauged, (like scalars) can have arbitrary non-minimal couplings metric. increasing entropy has natural expression phase space language, which makes it manifestly invariant under JKM ambiguities. An explicit formula is given f(Riemann) vectors, where at...

The resolution of black hole singularities represents an essential problem in the realm quantum gravity. Due to Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) proposal, structure interior vacuum Einstein's equations can be described by Kasner universe, which possesses $O\left(d,d\right)$ symmetry. It motivates us use anisotropic Hohm-Zwiebach action, known as string effective action with all orders $\alpha^{\prime}$ corrections for symmetric background, study singularity hole. In this letter, we...

We develop a theoretical and experimental framework for generating slip underneath thin-film flows of viscous fluids in the laboratory, with ability to control as desired. Such is useful large-scale fluid-mechanical experiments which basal sliding important. In particular, we consider flow thin film fluid spreading over structured, slippery substrate, involving sequence two-dimensional cavities that are prewetted smaller viscosity. By averaging small-scale inhomogeneities, demonstrate such...

We study the first law for non-stationary perturbations of a stationary black hole whose event horizon is Killing horizon, that relates first-order change in mass and angular momentum to entropy an arbitrary cross-section. Recently, Hollands, Wald Zhang [1] have shown dynamical satisfies this law, general relativity, $S_{\text{dyn}}=(1-v\partial_v)S_{\text{BH}}$, where $v$ affine parameter null generators $S_{\text{BH}}$ Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, diffeomorphism covariant theories gravity...

In this note, we show that the noncovariant metric boundary term obtained from nonlinear sigma model worldsheet derivation of bulk off-shell sphere partition function is closely related to Einstein in Gamma-Gamma action. fact, when expressed terms trace extrinsic curvature tensor, illustrate has one-half coefficient Gibbons-Hawking-York required such total (bulk plus boundary) classical action a well-posed variational principle with Dirichlet conditions.

Previously, the Raychaudhuri equation and focusing theorem in General Relativity were generalised to diffeomorphism-invariant theories of gravity coupled scalar vector fields on linearly perturbed Killing horizons. The Wall entropy can be extracted from it satisfies first second laws thermodynamics. In this paper, we further extend discussion gravitational horizon include arbitrary bosonic with spin $s \geq 2$. These higher-spin introduce indefinite terms into equation, obstructing proof...

A parallel procedure based on a single-program, multiple-data (SPMD) algorithm is presented for computing of turbulent combustion and flame spread in fires. The computation modeling radiative reacting flow pyrolysis solid fuel. With angular domain decomposition applied to the radiation spatial nonradiative fuel pyrolysis, whole distributed among group concurrent tasks, which communicate with each other through message-passing interface library. Using this procedure, self-developed...