In this work, we investigated structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties from a set of ${\text{Cu}}_{2}\text{Zn}\text{Sn}{\text{S}}_{4}$ thin films grown by sulfurization metallic precursors deposited on soda lime glass substrates coated with or without molybdenum. X-ray diffraction Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed the formation single-phase films. A good crystallinity grain compactness film was found scanning electron microscopy. The are poor in copper rich zinc,...

Spherical Proca Stars (PSs) are regarded as the ground state amongst family of PSs. In accordance, spherical PSs thought to have a fundamental branch stable solutions. this Letter, we provide energetic, morphological and dynamical evidence that actually excited states. The is shown be static, non-spherical, in fact prolate, stars branch, albeit against perturbations, turn out succumb non-spherical dynamics, undergoing an isometry breaking into prolate We also for formation PSs, starting from...

A bstract Recent studies have made key progress on the black hole/solitonic solutions of Einstein-Proca system. Firstly, fully non-linear dynamical evolutions Kerr hole superradiant instability, triggered by a Proca field, shown formation new equilibrium state, spinning with synchronised hair. Secondly, stars established that they are dynamically stable, unlike their scalar cousins. Thirdly, separability equation background has been achieved. Motivated these results, in this paper we...

We study radial perturbations of spherically symmetric spin-$0$ and spin-$1$ bosonic stars, computing numerically the squared frequency fundamental mode. find that not all critical points $-$ where Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass attains an extremum correspond to zero modes. Thus, stability does $\textit{always}$ change at such points. The results are in agreement with so-called point method.

WebAssembly is a new binary instruction format that allows targeted compiled code written in high-level languages to be executed with near-native speed by the browser's JavaScript engine. However, given binaries can from unsafe like C/C++, classical vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows or strings transferred over original programs down cross-compiled binaries. As result, this possibility of incorporating modules has widened attack surface modern web applications. This paper presents...

The effect of thermal annealing on epitaxial GeSn (6.5% Sn) strained layers grown Ge-buffered Si(100) wafers has been investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and X-ray diffraction to unambiguously determine the Sn substitutional content as well elastic strain in layers. Vacuum at temperatures below 400 °C for 20 min no noticeable Once temperature was raised above °C, however, relaxation layer sets essentially completely relaxed following a anneal 650 °C. Using channelling...

The possibility of mining the rotational energy from black holes has far--reaching implications. Such extraction could occur even for isolated holes, if hypothetical ultralight bosonic particles exist in Nature, leading to a new equilibrium state $-$ hole with synchronised hair whose lifetime exceed age Universe. A natural question is then: an and at maximal efficiency, how large fraction $\epsilon$ that can be extracted Kerr by superradiant growth dominant mode? In other words, hairy...

We construct and explore the physical properties of scalaroca stars: spherically symmetric solitonic solutions made a complex scalar field $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}$ Proca ${A}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$. restrict our attention to configurations in which both fields are fundamental state possess an equal mass, focusing on cases when (i) (nonlinearly) superimposed do not interact with each other; (ii) through term...

We construct and dynamically evolve dipolar self-interacting scalar boson stars in a model with sextic ($+$ quartic) self-interactions. The domain of existence such $Q$-stars has similar structure to that the fundamental monopolar same model. For latter it is structured Newtonian plus relativistic branch, wherein perturbatively stable solutions exist, connected by middle unstable branch. Our evolutions support dynamical properties that: 1) branches are robust over time scales longer than...

Abstract We study radial perturbations of spherically symmetric spin-0 and spin-1 bosonic stars, computing numerically the squared frequency fundamental mode. find that not all critical points — where Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass attains an extremum correspond to zero modes. Thus, stability does always change at such points. The results are in agreement with so-called point method.

We have investigated the structural and optical properties of metastable amorphous crystalline GeSn layers on Si substrates. The as-deposited crystallize during annealing at 500°C. This transition leads to a significant change in local environment Sn atoms properties. Ge-Sn bond length is decreased after crystallization. layers, with nominal 4.5% 11.3% content, do not show segregation. For crystallized 4.5%, appears be substitutional, as no clustering was observed. However, for Sn, segration...

We studied the solid-phase reaction between a thin Ni film and single crystal Ge(001) or Ge(111) substrate during ramp anneal. The phase formation sequence was determined using in situ X-ray diffraction Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), while nature texture of phases were pole figures transmission electron microscopy. is characterized by transient before NiGe forms as final stable phase. used to unambiguously identify ϵ-phase, non-stoichiometric Ni-rich germanide with hexagonal...

Photoluminescence (PL) measurements, performed in Si and Si${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Ge${}_{x}$ alloys ($x=$ 0.0069 0.0125) irradiated with protons annealed between 100 $650{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\text{C}$, are combined first-principles calculations to assess the assignment of $W$ $X$ lines trigonal tetragonal forms tri- tetra-interstitial defects, denoted I${}_{3}$ I${}_{4}$, respectively. It is found that for line annealing temperature maximizes PL intensity...

In this work, a systematic study of the influence growth conditions on anomalous formation ternary InxGa1-xAs nanowires is presented. Free-standing nanowires, nominal InAs composition, were grown by molecular beam epitaxy GaAs (111)B substrates at different temperatures and As4 equivalent pressures. The morphology, chemical crystal structure investigated scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, diffraction techniques. It was found that strong incorporation Ga...

Abstract The spin wave dynamics in patterned magnetic nanostructures is under intensive study during the last two decades. On one hand, this interest generated by new physics that can be explored such structures. other with development of nanolithography, nanoelements and their arrays used many practical applications (magnetic recording systems both as media read-write heads, random access memory spin-torque oscillators just to name a few). In present work evolution spectra an array...

Solid-state amorphization, the growth of an amorphous phase during annealing, has been studied in a wide variety thin film structures.Whereas research on remarkable such metastable mostly focused strictly binary systems, far less is known about influence impurities reactions.In this paper, nitrogen, introduced via ion implantation, solid-state amorphization reaction (35 nm) Ni films with Si, using situ XRD, ex RBS, XTEM, and synchrotron XRD.It shown that due to small amounts nitrogen (< 2...

Abstract We report on the growth of thin NiSi films via thermal reaction Ni layers (13–35 nm) with Si(100) substrates modified by ion implantation. By introducing substrate damage or nitrogen impurities prior to solid-phase reaction, several properties can be modified: formation temperature, texture, diffusion-limited rate and morphological stability. As some modifications are rooted in early silicide phases preceding phase, particularly its special attention is devoted amorphous Ni-Si alloy...

As the electron in hydrogen atom, a bosonic field can bind itself to black hole occupying discrete infinite set of states. When (i) spacetime is prone superradiance and (ii) confinement mechanism present, some such states are infinitely long–lived. These equilibrium configurations, known as stationary clouds, "synchronized" with rotating hole's event horizon. For most, if not all, clouds studied literature so far, requirements (i)–(ii) independent each other. However, this always case. This...

InMnAs layers were grown in a quartz reactor by YAG : Nd pulsed laser ablation of solid targets (InAs and Mn) hydrogen arsine flow. The crystal quality the phase composition analysed x-ray diffraction. electrical properties derived from Hall effect measurements. magneto-optical magnetic studied means Kerr effect, alternating gradient field magnetometry ferromagnetic (FM) resonance dependence on Mn content was investigated. exhibit FM at temperatures least up to 300 K.

We present a combined magnetooptic and ferromagnetic resonance study of series arrays single-crystalline Fe stripes fabricated by electron beam lithography on epitaxial Au(001)/Fe(001)/MgO(001) films grown pulsed laser deposition. The analysis the revealed clear four-fold magnetocrystalline anisotropy, with no significant presence other anisotropy sources. use large arrays, stripe widths between 140 1000 nm separation them either 200 or 500 nm, allowed studying their magnetization processes...

The solid-phase reaction of ultrathin (⩽10 nm) Ni films with different Ge substrates (single-crystalline (1 0 0), polycrystalline, and amorphous) was studied. As thickness goes down, thin film texture becomes a dominant factor in both the film's phase formation morphological evolution. consequence, certain metastable microstructures are epitaxially stabilized on crystalline substrates, such as -Ni5Ge3 or strained NiGe crystal structure single-crystalline substrates. Similarly, destabilizing...