Objective . To study the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and visual electrophysiology testing in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods A cross-sectional, hospital-based study: 25 AD subjects controls were recruited. Candidates who fulfil criteria normal ocular examinations made to proceed scanning laser polarimetry, pattern electroretinogram (PERG), evoked potential (PVEP) of right eye. RNFL thickness, PERG, PVEP readings evaluated. Results In AD, mean average was 45.28...

<title>Abstract</title> Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment, requiring effective and scalable screening tools for early detection. Existing methods are complex, expensive, reliant on specialized personnel, limiting their use in primary care. This study evaluates the potential multimodal large language model (LLM), detecting DR, staging identifying diabetic maculopathy. external validation assessed performance LLMs using 228 fundus images captured at Tuanku...

Atypical optic neuritis and posterior scleritis can indicate extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We present a rare case of bilateral atypical accompanied secondary to TB. A 36-year-old gentleman presented with four-day history blurred vision in both eyes, along pain during eye movements. His medical included intermittent low-grade fever persistent cough lasting four months, significant weight loss 13 kg over two months. On examination, visual acuity the...

Purpose To study the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic head (ONH) parameters in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients their relationship with severity of disease. Methods A cross-sectional, hospital-based study. Fifty-four OSA subjects 54 controls were recruited. Candidate that fulfil criteria normal ocular examinations then proceed spectrum domain Cirrus optical coherence tomography examinations. ONH RNFL evaluated. Apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) group obtained from...

&lt;div&gt;The automatic retinal disease diagnosis by artificial intelligent is an interesting and challenging topic in the medical field. It requires appropriate image enhancement technique a sufficient training dataset for specific retina conditions. The aim of this study was to design convolutional neural network (CNN) model which does not require large specifically identify diabetic retinopathy symptoms, are cotton wool, exudates spots red lesionin colour fundus pictures. A novel...

We report a case of central retinal artery occlusion with concurrent ischemic stroke in young patient. A 34-year-old Malay gentleman, an ex-smoker underlying dyslipidemia, however, not on medication or follow-up, presented acute, generalized, and painless right eye blurring vision for one day. He also complained on-and-off headaches the past three months prior to presentation. Visual acuity assessment demonstrated hand movement eye, whereas left it was 6/6, along relative afferent pupillary...

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare axial length (AL) and the refractive outcome after phacoemulsification surgery from 2014 2019 at Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu, Malaysia. Method: This was a retrospective record review all cataract patients who met inclusion criteria underwent uneventful superior wound with nontoric intraocular lens (IOL) by single surgeon 2019. Using optical biometry or immersion technique, preoperative AL determined solely via Sanders,...

We report a case of isolated left abducens nerve palsy accompanying right thalamic infarct. The patient, 43-year-old Malay male with newly diagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, initially reported binocular diplopia on lateral gaze persisting for five weeks. Subsequently, he experienced acute left-sided body weakness slurred speech over one day. Clinical examination revealed restricted eye (-3) no relative afferent pupillary defect. Additionally, decreased power (4/5)...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a more prevalent cause of corneal ulcers in developing countries than developed countries. We report five cases attributed to this organism with literature review on bacterial cornea ulcers. Among the patients, four had underlying systemic illnesses while one was otherwise healthy. Four patients were presented visual acuity worse 6/60, and patient 6/18. Two perforation, which required tectonic penetrating keratoplasty. For outcome, two improved acuities 6/24 6/12,...

Gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis (GKC) is an aggressive infection caused by

Background Carboplatin and paclitaxel are two standard chemotherapeutic agents known to cause neurotoxicity. In this study, we aim evaluate the toxicity of these by measuring peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) macular thickness in patients with endometrial ovarian cancers who receiving them. Methods A one-year prospective cohort study involving 28 were treated intravenously carboplatin (200-400 mg/m2) (175 three-weekly for six cycles was conducted. RNFL macula measured using...

&lt;span&gt;The excellent quality of color fundus photograph is crucial for the ophthalmologist to process correct diagnosis and convolutional neural network (CNN) models optimize output classification. As a result main causes as acquire devises efficiency experience physician most photographs can have uneven illuminance, blur, bad contrast, in addition micro-features retinal diseases, which need force their contrast. Fundus assessment method proposed find out perfect enhanced Technique...

Sinonasal lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is an extremely rare malignancy that shares some characteristics with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In Asian populations, Epstein-Barr virus has been reported to be associated LEC located outside of the nasopharynx. We report a case sinonasal locoregional extension (brain and orbit). A 39-year-old Malay male initially presented profound blurring vision on left eye (LE) proptosis, followed by nasal symptoms anosmia. Clinical examination revealed LE...

Introduction: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injection is one of the popular procedures for medical retina diseases. However, incidence angle-closure post was reported. Several similar studies were conducted previously, but results inconsistent and mostly focused on bevacizumab. Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted. After informed consent, patients who more than 17 years old received first anti-VEGF injections (ranibizumab or aflibercept)...

Choroidal tuberculomas are present in patients with ocular tuberculosis. They usually occur a patient previous history of tuberculosis, and rarely the initial presentation, no prior systemic manifestations. We unilateral choroidal tuberculoma as presentation presumed which enabled earlier initiation treatment. Unilateral an manifestation tuberculosis: case report

A 10-year-old Malay girl with underlying HbE/beta-thalassemia, on regular blood transfusion and deferoxamine iron chelation therapy, presented two-month history of bilateral blurring vision. On examination, her vision was 6/36 both eyes. Other optic nerve functions were normal. Anterior segment examination eyes unremarkable. Fundus revealed dull foveal reflex. Optical coherence tomography maculae showed increased central subfield thickness. fluorescence angiography patchy hypofluorescence...

Abstract We reported a case of cryptococcal meningitis presenting with bilateral optic neuropathy in an immunocompetent patient. A 64-year-old Malay gentleman no medical comorbidities presented acute blurring vision for week, which was associated generalised throbbing headache and low grade fever. He also had somnolence altered consciousness. Visual acuity both eyes perception light poor pupillary reflexes. Extraocular muscle movements were normal. Anterior segments unremarkable bilaterally....

Objective To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) between observation group intervention at six months postoperative. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants Patients who met clinical diagnosis ERM in age frame 18-80 years; patients with reduced visual acuity (VA), best corrected VA 0.2 LogMar or worse, symptoms significant metamorphopsia, visited our center from June 2021 to 2022. Methods All fulfilled inclusion criteria were...

Endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) is an ocular infection resulting from hematogenous spread the remote primary source. Risk factors include endocarditis, bacteria meningitis, immunosuppressive state, and invasive procedures in patients with sepsis. We present a case of 43-year-old gentleman poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who was admitted for bilateral nasoseptal cellulitis right nasal wall abscess vocal cord palsy. At presentation, he just had preseptal without any posterior segment...

Endogenous endophthalmitis is a very rare but potentially devastating intraocular inflammation resulting from hematogenous dissemination into the eye remote focus of infection. We present case 49-year-old Vietnamese gentleman with underlying hypertension and ischemic heart disease who presented sudden onset bilateral blurring vision for five days associated fever, chills, rigors. He started to have chesty cough right-sided pleuritic chest pain three as well shortness breath, which developed...

Purpose: In this case report, we present two cases of syringomyelia with optic neuropathy. Findings: Case 1, a 36-year-old Malay lady presented to our clinic acute onset blurring vision in her left eye that she experienced since past 1 month. She was diagnosed 12 years ago and on conservative management. Her visual acuity 6/6 the right counting fingers at m left. There positive relative afferent pupillary defect eye. Optic nerve functions were reduced. Visual field showed inferior defect....

Preseptal cellulitis is a worrying condition in children. One of the commonest causes from insect bite. The Charlie ant or Paederus fuscipes has been reported as dermatitis-causing agent due to its toxin, pederin. aim report case preseptal secondary A two-year-old girl presented with bilateral eyelid swelling, redness, and pain for two days. was at nasal bridge before presentation. There presence generalised redness multiple pustules, excoriated skin, eye discharge. She admitted started on...

Introduction To evaluate if early tamoxifen toxicity can be detected by comparing pre-and post-treatment optic nerve head parameters and visual function using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III (HRT III) Pattern Visual Evoked Potential (Pattern VEP). Method This is a prospective study involving 76 eyes of 38 breast cancer patients treated with in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. These were examined single doctor the investigations done technician. The acuity, function,...