The analysis of early generations triticale showed numerous rearrangements the genome. Complexed transformation included loss chromosomes, t-heterochromatin content changes and emergence retrotransposons in new locations. This study investigated certain aspects genomic transformations (F5 F8) primary octoploid derived from cross hexaploid wheat with diploid rye. Most plants tested were hypoploid; among eliminated chromosomes rye 4R 5R variable number chromosomes. Wheat to a higher extent....

The rye genome has a large size with high level of cytosine methylation, which makes it particularly convenient for studying the occurrence potential demethylation intermediates. Levels global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mass spectrometry in four species: Secale cereale, strictum, sylvestre, vavilovii. amount 5hmC showed interspecific variation, was also variable among organs, i.e. coleoptiles, roots, leaves, stems, caryopses....

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) techniques were used to investigate the genetic diversity among species of genus Secale L. Chromosomal distribution AAC simple was examined by means fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Comparative analysis revealed differences analyzed sequences genomes species. Using ISSR IRAP data, a similarity matrix constructed based on Dice's coefficient, unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean...

Plants are continuously exposed to various environmental stresses and they respond them in different ways.Ambient temperature is among the most important cues that directly influence plant growth yield.Research recent years has revealed epigenetic mechanisms play a key role plants' response stress.Changes gene expression evoked by stress signals follow post-translational histone modifications, DNA methylation, variant incorporation, action of chromatin remodeling factors Polycomb group...

The genus Elatine contains ca 25 species, all of which are small, herbaceous annuals distributed in ephemeral waters on both hemispheres. However, due to a high degree morphological variability (as consequence their amphibious life-style), the taxonomy this remains controversial. Thus, fill gap knowledge, we present detailed molecular phylogenetic study based nuclear (rITS) and plastid ( accD-psaI , psbJ-petA ycf6-psbM-trnD ) sequences using 27 samples from 13 species. On basis analysis,...

Abstract Carex riloensis was described from Bulgaria as a species morphologically very similar to C. tricolor but differing significantly in the number of chromosomes. This is regarded endemic Bulgaria, recorded only Rila Moutains and Western Rhodopes. The goal this study clarify taxonomic status through an integrative approach that includes comparative morphological, caryological, molecular phylogenetic, genome size investigations. Morphological relationships between examined were tested...

Methylation of cytosine in DNA is one the most important epigenetic modifications eukaryotes and plays a crucial role regulation gene activity maintenance genomic integrity. methylation other mechanisms affect development, differentiation or response plants to biotic abiotic stress. This study compared level cytosines on global (ELISA) scale (MSAP) between species genus Secale . We analyzed whether interspecific variation was associated with size genome ( C -value) content telomeric...

Counting chromosomes is the first step towards a better understanding of karyotype evolution and role chromosome in species diversification within Carex; however, count not known yet for numerous sedges. In this paper counts were performed 23 Carex taxa from Armenia, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland. Chromosome numbers determined time three (Carex cilicica, 2n = 54; C. phyllostachys, 56; randalpina, 78), two subspecies (C. muricata subsp. ashokae, 58; nigra transcaucasica, 84) hybrids...

Abstract Elatine gussonei (Sommier) Brullo is an endemic species, with a distribution restricted to the central part of Mediterranean Basin (Maltese islands, Lampedusa, southern Sicily). This hydrophyte grows in rainwater pools and cavities karstic limestone. Although morphology has been well studied, no karyological study carried out, hence this work brings first chromosome data for Maltese-pelago E. gussonei.We have found diploid number 54 chromosomes gussonei, which differs from most...

The paper reports chromosome numbers for 13 taxa of <em>Elatine</em> L., including all 11 species occurring in Europe, namely <em>E. alsinastrum</em>, ambigua</em>, brachysperma</em>, brochonii</em>, californica</em>, campylosperma</em>, gussonei</em>, hexandra</em>, hungarica</em>, hydropiper</em>, macropoda</em>, orthosperma</em>, triandra</em> originating from 17, field-collected populations....

The rye (Secale L.) genome is large, and it contains many classes of repetitive sequences. Secale species differ in terms size, heterochromatin content, global methylation level; however, the organization individual types sequences chromosomes relatively similar. content abundant subtelomeric fraction do not correlate with level cytosine methylation, hence immunofluorescence detection 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) distribution metaphase was performed. patterns species/subspecies were generally...

The protocols for in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques can vary considerably; however, they usually include denaturation and steps. Denaturing compounds are used to reduce temperature, which keeps the proper morphology of preparation. Formamide is most commonly reagent lower melting temperature. substitution toxic formamide a non-toxic ethylene carbonate at 20 % 50 concentration mixture helped obtain high quality result with two sequences characteristic rye, JNK, Bilby. results after...

The JNK motif is repeated 4 000 times in an additional heterochromatin band. Flanking sequences of a region, which form extra 2R rye (Secale vavilovii Grossh.) chromosomes, were studied using genome walking technique. results clearly indicate that there blocks adjacent to the R173 family sequences. Moreover, it appears are flanking both directions, i.e., upstream and downstream. Downstream, JNKs anti-parallel orientation, whereas parallel orientation. In order confirm presence sequence,...

The structure of repetitive sequences the JNK block present in pericentromeric region 2RL chromosome was studied <em>Secale vavilovii</em>. Amplification between led to identification seven abnormal DNA fragments. Two these fragments showed high similarity glutamate 5-kinase gene and putative alcohol dehydrogenase trypanosomatid from genus <em>Leishmania</em>, whose presence can be explained by horizontal transfer (HGT). Other were similar mitochondrial for ribosomal...