A5021883583- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Marine animal studies overview
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
Bangor University
2015-2024
University of Leeds
1984-2023
University of York
1967-2009
Stony Brook University
1973-2009
State University of New York
1973-2009
University of Wales
2003
Harvard University
1979
The University of Western Australia
1979
University of Oxford
1967-1972
University of Liverpool
1962-1963
A protected and warningly coloured butterfly can become a muellerian mimic of another species in two steps: (i) major mutation converts the pattern less to an approximate resemblance better (one-way convergence); (ii) after spread this mutant, species, which now resemble each other sufficiently be mistaken one for by predators, undergo mutual convergence, using whatever or minor genetic variation is available them. Although sometimes step might occur alone, general early theorists were...
Coral bleaching characterized by the expulsion of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) is an increasing problem worldwide. Global warming has been implicated as one cause, but phenomenon cannot be fully comprehended without understanding variability zooxanthellae populations in field conditions. Results from a 6-year study are presented, providing evidence density regulation also large population with regular episodes very low densities. These events likely to part constant caused environmental...
The neoDarwinian theory of evolution (or modem synthesis) may not explain in the long term. In particular, it has been suggested that explains neither discontinuities fossil record [see reports on recent conference Chicago (68, 71a)], nor origin complex, integrated adaptations (49, 90). To study such matters we must find a group which can investigate genetics and ecology present day populations, as well evolutionary trends extending over period possible: absence mimetic drosophiloid snail...
The hypothesis of Haffer, Turner, and others, that patterns race species formation in the tropical forests South America are result isolation populations forest refugia during widespread climatic changes geologically recent past, is supported by distribution races butterfly genus Heliconius : location refuges for these butterflies shows an excellent accord with deduced Haffer his studies birds. strict parallel variation through most various H. melpomene, erato ten similarly-patterned...
The Chagos Archipelago was designated a no-take marine protected area (MPA) in 2010; it covers 550 000 km2, with more than 60 km2 shallow limestone platform and reefs. This has doubled the global cover of such MPAs.It contains 25-50% Indian Ocean reef remaining excellent condition, as well world's largest contiguous undamaged area. It suffered from warming episodes, but after most severe mortality event 1998, coral restored 10 years.Coral fishes are orders magnitude abundant other locations,...
Recreational diving on coral reefs is an activity that has experienced rapidly growing levels of popularity and participation. Despite providing economic for many developing coastal communities, the potential role dive impacts in contributing to reef damage a concern at heavily dived locations. Management measures address this issue increasingly include introduction programmes designed encourage environmentally responsible practices within industry. We examined diver behaviour several...
Studying scleractinian coral bleaching and recovery dynamics in remote, isolated reef systems offers an opportunity to examine impacts of global stressors the absence local human threats. Reefs Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean, suffered severe mortality 2015 following a 7.5 maximum degree heating weeks (DHWs) thermal anomaly, causing 60% cover decrease from 30% 2012 12% April 2016. Mortality was taxon specific, with Porites becoming dominant genus post-bleaching because 86% decline...
The evolution of mimicry is driven by the behaviour predators. However, there has been little systematic testing sensitivity evolutionary predictions to variations in assumptions about predator learning and forgetting. To test how robust theory such behavioural modifications we combined sets rules describing ways which forgetting might operate vertebrate predators into 29 computer systems. These systems were applied simulations simplified natural situations, particularly investigating nature...
ABSTRACT. 1. The continuous spectrum of palatability can be divided without difficulty into two halves: the distasteful forms in one half tend to become models and muellerian mimics, palatable other batesian mimics. 2. Most traditionally recognized differences between mimicry are valid useful: negative versus positive frequency‐dependence, detriment benefit model, convergent evolution advergent evolution. None less both kinds, usually evolves by means a major mutation whose effects later...
Journal Article Why male butterflies are non-mimetic: natural selection, sexual group modification and sieving Get access JOHN R. G. TURNER 1Department of Ecology Evolution, Division Biological Sciences, State University New York, Stony Brook, York 11794, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar the Linnean Society, Volume 10, Issue 4, December 1978, Pages 385–432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1978.tb00023.x Published: 14 January 2008 history...
With a view to clarifying some recent controversies, the behaviour of predator confronted with mixture models and mimics has been simulated by simple Monte Carlo computer program. When learning forgetting are described stochastic model in which depends on experience, passage time, then 'spectrum palatability' (that is, continuous variation desirability prey predator, from delectable, through neutral, downright revolting), is converted into spectrum protection, palatable heavily consumed...
Butterflies in the South American genus Heliconius have undergone a spectacular adaptive radiation (with convergent evolution between some lines) their color patterns; this has been produced by natural selection for muellerian mimicry. The genetic basis of radiation, shown crossing highly differentiated races within two species, is homozygosity alternative alleles at half dozen loci. In complete contrast, allozyme loci these butterflies are strongly heterozygous and show only frequency...
The atolls and coral banks of the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory) in central were severely affected by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) thermal event that started 2015 which lasted for nearly two years. On these reefs, mortality reduced scleractinian cover from 40%–50% to
A dense population of H. erato in Trinidad, West Indies, was subjected to a mark-release-recapture experiment for span 74 days (with two long gaps) from August November 1964. Butterflies were individually numbered, and three striking facts demonstrated: 1. The butterflies showed restricted home range, there being significant lack movement between areas whose edges touched centres 30 yards apart; virtually no these third one 200 away. 2. roost at night communal roosts which are usually within...
Artificial prey, consisting of a piece pastry placed on coloured card, were randomly an area suburban lawn. Wild birds, mostly Starlings, allowed to eat them. The birds first conditioned accept edible green control and then presented with equal numbers controls red model, which was made distasteful by soaking the in quinine hydrochloride. rapidly became eating leaving models; this fact, their observed reactions, show that they found models unpalatable. controls, mimics ratio I : 2 I. There...
Species of the South American butterfly genus Heliconius have undergone remarkably wide racial divergence in their patterns, and most resulting races are muellerian mimics. As warning coloration normally imposes stabilizing selection on pattern, this is much need explanation. Two models been suggested. Brown, Sheppard Turner proposed that results from ‘mimetic capture’, switching patterns between adaptive peaks generated by changes overall composition local biota (‘biotic drift’) hence...
Abstract. When a butterfly species has polymorphic female, with one of the forms closely resembling male, it is customary to suppose that this form ancestral, and ‘odd’ have arisen later. R. I. Vane‐Wright, on other hand, suggested in some male‐like may be ‘transvestite’ ancestral female having been strikingly unlike male. As later‐derived are usually, but not always, genetically dominant forms, we can make choice between these hypotheses by discovering dominance relations female. In mimetic...