A5068306148- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions
- Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Plant and animal studies
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Turfgrass Adaptation and Management
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases
- Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
Bayer (France)
2003-2024
Bayer (Germany)
2013-2023
Migräne Klinik Königstein
2022
Bayer (United Kingdom)
2011
University of Lausanne
1982-1998
Friedrich Miescher Institute
1993-1998
Summary Weed control failures due to herbicide resistance are an increasing and worldwide problem that significantly affect crop yields. Metabolism‐based (referred as metabolic resistance) in weeds is not well characterized at the genetic level. An RNA ‐Seq transcriptome analysis was used find candidate genes conferred diclofop a diclofop‐resistant population (R) of major global weed Lolium rigidum . A reference c DNA (19 623 contigs) assembled assigned putative annotations. Global gene...
Plant UDP-Glc:phenylpropanoid glucosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of Glc from UDP-Glc to numerous substrates and regulate activity compounds that play important roles in plant defense against pathogens. We previously characterized two tobacco salicylic acid– pathogen-inducible UGTs (TOGTs) act very efficiently on hydroxycoumarin scopoletin hydroxycinnamic acids. To identify physiological these defense, we generated TOGT-depleted plants by antisense expression. After inoculation...
SUMMARY Rapid and widespread evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in global weed species endowed by increased capacity to metabolize (degrade) herbicides (metabolic resistance) is a great threat sustainability food production. Metabolic the economically damaging crop Lolium rigidum well known but molecular understanding has been lacking. We purified metabolic resistant (R) subset from field evolved R L . population. The R, susceptible (S) derived F 2 populations were used for candidate...
Abstract Intense selection by pesticides and antibiotics has resulted in a global epidemic of evolved resistance. In agriculture medicine, using mixtures compounds from different classes is widely accepted as optimal resistance management. However, this strategy may promote the evolution more generalist mechanisms. Here we test hypothesis at national scale an economically important agricultural weed: blackgrass ( Alopecurus myosuroides) , for which herbicide major economic issue. Our results...
Abstract Weeds are attractive models for basic and applied research due to their impacts on agricultural systems capacity swiftly adapt in response anthropogenic selection pressures. Currently, a lack of genomic information precludes elucidate the genetic basis rapid adaptation important traits like herbicide resistance stress tolerance effect evolutionary mechanisms wild populations. The International Weed Genomics Consortium is collaborative group scientists focused developing resources...
Antifungal class I [beta]-1,3-glucanases are believed to be part of the constitutive and induced defenses plants against fungal infection. Unexpectedly, mutants deficient in these enzymes generated by antisense transformation showed markedly reduced lesion size, number, virus yield local-lesion response Havana 425 tobacco mosaic (TMV) Nicotiana sylvestris necrosis virus. These also decreased severity disease symptoms, delayed spread susceptible N. TMV. The symptoms responses both plant...
The evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds has recently increased dramatically. Six suspected Amaranthus tuberculatus populations were studied to confirm resistance and determine the mechanism. Resistance was confirmed in greenhouse for all six with glyphosate factors (R/S) between 5.2 7.5. No difference absorption or translocation observed resistant susceptible individuals. mutation at amino acid positions G101, T102, P106 detected EPSPS gene coding sequence, target enzyme glyphosate....
In response to changing market dynamics, the discovery of new herbicides has declined significantly over past few decades and only seen a modest upsurge in recent years. Nevertheless, introductions have proven be interesting brought useful innovation market. addition, herbicide-tolerant or herbicide-resistant crop technologies allowed use existing nonselective extended into crops. An increasing now major challenge is being posed by inexorable increase biotypes weeds that are resistant...
Summary Globally, weedy plants are a major constraint to sustainable crop production. Much of the success weeds rests with their ability rapidly adapt in face human‐mediated management agroecosystems. Alopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass) is widespread and impactful weed affecting agriculture Europe. Here we report chromosome‐scale genome assembly blackgrass use this reference explore genomic/genetic basis non‐target site herbicide resistance (NTSR). Based on our analysis F2 seed families...
Whilst there are several methods to control weeds, which continuously plague farmers around the globe, application of small molecular compounds is still most effective technology date. Plants can evolve become resistant PPO-inhibitors, a class herbicides in commercial use since 1960s. It therefore essential develop new based on this mode-of-action with enhanced intrinsic activity, an improved resistance profile and favourable physicochemical properties. Based Amaranthus PPO crystal structure...
Abstract Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides remain an important and useful chemistry 60 yr after their first introduction. In this review, based on topics introduced at the Weed Science Society of America 2021 symposium titled “A History, Overview, Plan Action PPO Inhibiting Herbicides,” we discuss current state PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Renewed interest in recent years, due to increased use cases resistance, has led refinements knowledge regarding mechanism action...
Antifungal class I P-1,3-glucanases are believed to be part of the constitutive and induced defenses plants against fungal infection. Unexpectedly, mutants deficient in these enzymes generated by antisense transformation showed markedly reduced lesion size, number, virus yield local-lesion response Havana 425 tobacco mosaic (TMV) Nicotiane sylvestris necrosis virus. These also decreased severity disease symptoms, delayed spread susceptible N. TMV, The symptoms responses both plant species...
Abstract Class I isoforms of β-1,3-glucanases (βGLU I) and chitinases (CHN are antifungal, vacuolar proteins implicated in plant defense. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) βGLU CHN usually exhibit tightly coordinated developmental, hormonal, pathogenesis-related regulation. Both enzymes induced cultured cells tissues cultivar Havana 425 tobacco by ethylene down-regulated combinations the growth hormones auxin cytokinin. We report a novel pattern regulation pith-cell suspensions leaf explants....
Soluble auxin-oxidases were extracted from Zea mays L. cv LG11 apical root segments and partially separated peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) by size-exclusion chromatography. Auxin-oxidases resolved into one main peak corresponding to a molecular mass of 32.5 kilodaltons minor at 54.5 kilodaltons. Peroxidases least four peaks, with masses 78 In vitro activity indoleacetic acid-oxidases was dependent on the presence MnCl(2) p-coumaric acid. Compound(s) present in crude extract several synthetic...
Abstract BACKGROUND: Fenhexamid, a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor effective against Botrytis , inhibits the 3‐ketoreductase (Erg27) involved in C‐4 demethylation. Several fenhexamid‐resistant phenotypes have been detected cinerea populations from French vineyards. The field isolates with highest resistance levels display amino acid changes Erg27 (F412S, F412I or F412V). RESULTS: Fenhexamid‐resistant mutants were generated by site‐directed mutagenesis of erg27 gene sensitive recipient strain...
Weed populations can have high genetic plasticity and rapid responses to environmental selection pressures. For example, 100-fold amplification of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene evolved in weed species Amaranthus palmeri confer resistance glyphosate, world's most important herbicide. However, mechanism is unknown. We sequenced EPSPS genomic regions flanking loci A. palmeri, searched for mobile elements or repetitive sequences. The was 10,229 bp, containing 8...
Resistance to the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicide tembotrione in an Amaranthus palmeri population from Nebraska (NER) has previously been confirmed be attributable enhanced metabolism. The objective of this study was identify and quantify metabolites formed susceptible (NES) resistant biotypes.NER NES same metabolites. Tembotrione metabolism NER differed that plants showed faster 4-hydroxylation followed by glycosylation. T50 value (time for 50% production...
Abstract BACKGROUND Herbicides inhibiting the synthesis of very long‐chain fatty acids (HRAC group K 3 , WSSA 15), such as flufenacet, play an important role in weed management strategies, particularly when herbicide resistance to inhibitors with other modes action, acetolactate synthase or acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), has already evolved. So far, only a few cases towards have been described. In this study, we characterized level flufenacet several Lolium spp. field populations...
Abstract Glufosinate inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme for amino acid metabolism and photorespiration. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors block chlorophyll biosynthesis cause protoporphyrin accumulation, highly photodynamic intermediate. Both herbicides ultimately lead to plant death by massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through different mechanisms. We investigated potential synergistic effect the mixture two herbicide mechanisms action (MoAs). The...