The berthing of an ultra large ship is always a difficult issue and becomes yet more complex when vessels must be handled in restricted manoeuvring areas limited depth, exposed to forceful crosswind, or strong current, all three. final approaching manoeuvre precise positioning particularly demanding at container terminals where many STS cranes are located along the quay, seriously limiting margin for error process mooring ship, especially nearby bridge wing very edge pier. In order avoid...

This article takes a close look at the landscape of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing. It is well known that automated identification (AIS) spoofing can be used for electronic warfare to conceal military activities in sensitive sea areas; however, recent events suggest there similar interest AIS signals commercial purposes. The shipping industry currently experiencing an unprecedented period deceptive practices by tanker operators seeking evade sanctions. Last year’s...

Accidents in port areas are generally relatively minor given the lower prevailing speeds, but dangerous cargo terminals located vicinity of populated present some risk accidents with catastrophic consequences. The maritime assessment frameworks have been developed many ports, few include studies incorporating collisions between sailing and moored ships. This paper presents framework for such accidents. Moreover, it important role harbour regulations navigation management process within area....

Construction of an LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) terminal by TGE (TGE Gas Engineering GmbH) is currently planned to be located along the Slovenian coast near city Koper.Two other terminals are also plannedl: one in Trieste port and off shore Bay Italy.Focusing on nautical operations, purpose this paper identify potential risks assess their levels as consequences increased activities.The ports area host a variety vessels, including containers, tankers chemical carriers, general cargo passenger...

In recent years, the maritime trade of crude oil has suffered notable perturbations caused by unbalanced relationship between supply and demand. The COVID-19 pandemic a drop in consumption 2019, followed reduction production 2020. seaborne transport accounts for approximately 50–60% all world production. market is crucial regulator global economy instabilities this have noticeable effects on collective risks. immediate risks that society see are changes cost living, which political...

The maritime sector's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions represent nearly 3% of global emissions. Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), part the International Maritime Organization (IMO), decides on all major actions sector needs to take globally reduce GHG Several types measures and events have an impact in this area. Regulatory-economic a very important aspect segment. Emissions Trading Schemes (ETS), taxation emissions, U.S.-China trade war, war Ukraine COVID-19 pandemic climate...

The Karavanke tunnel forms an important link between Slovenia and Austria. almost 8 km long is operated with bi-directional traffic does not have dedicated escape routes. Moreover, the ventilation in case of fire satisfy requirements EU Directive 2004/54/EC that specifies minimum for tunnels trans-European road network. paper present results research conducted regarding possibility upgrade existing system order to reach required level safety at lower costs possible. It shown simple but novel...

AbstractThe definition of the deterministic approach in safety analyses arises from need to understand conditions that emerge during a fire accident road tunnel. The key factor tunnel operations is ventilation, which initial phases has strong impact on evacuation people and later access intervention units paper presents use CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model assessment process. set-up boundary requirement for grid density found validation tests an FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) are used...

The work includes an overview of road tunnel risk analysis methodologies that have been developed in Europe as a consequence several major accidents and subsequent Directive on minimum safety requirements for tunnels. In our analysis, we used PIARC - OECD quantitative assessment model (QRAM), which the largest choice different scenarios, types traffic parameters. On other hand, it does not include reduction measures, managed to assess methodology by combining QRAM with scenario based 1D...

This article deals with the effect of wind its characteristics on longitudinal ventilation a road tunnel as key segment fire safety.Using CFD simulations, influence gusts, which differ and is more difficult to define than constant ventilation, researched in detail.On basis simulation results, have been validated real measures, findings are presented regarding importance taking into account non-stationary ensure adequate safety users event fire, well fire-fighting units during intervention.

The definition of the deterministic approach in safety analyses comes from need to understand conditions that come out during fire accident a road tunnel. key factor tunnel operations is ventilation, which initial fazes fire, impact strongly on evacuation people and latter access intervention units paper presents use computational fluid dynamics model assessment process. validated by comparing data with experimental quantifying differences. set-up boundary requirement for grid density found...

Approaches to risk assessment in tunnelling and underground spaces were introduced 2004 as a result of several serious accidents tunnels such Mont Blanc Tauern Tunnel 1999. The EU has published the minimum safety requirements for over 500 m on Trans-European Road Network. is mandatory should cover all components system, i.e. infrastructure, operation, users vehicles. professional community started using quantitative approach, where crucial issue consequence analysis fire scenarios tunnel....

No advance in navigation has yet to prevent the occurrence of accidents (incidents are always implied when we discuss accidents) at sea. At same time, advances accident models possible, and may provide basis for investigations analyses help future adverse events improve safety marine transport systems. In such complex socio-technical systems that treat as result a chain or sequence used most commonly. Such well suited damage caused by failure physical components relatively simple Although...

Furthermore, this enhanced approach allows for a more precise and detailed examination of the accident scene, enabling investigators to visualize sequence events leading up collision. By integrating high-resolution environmental data obtained through laser scanning with sophisticated 3D CAD models, we can achieve higher level accuracy in simulating various dynamics accident. This method not only AIDS identifying causal factors greater clarity but also formulating effective strategies...

Statement of Peter Vidmar, member, President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, before the Subcommittee Oversight Government Management, Committee Governmental Affairs U.S. Senate, November 14, 1991.