The fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication is in its infancy, and evolving versions will be launched over the coming years. However, according to exposing inherent constraints 5G emerging applications services with stringent requirements e.g. latency, energy/bit, traffic capacity, peak data rate, reliability, telecom researchers are turning their attention conceptualize next communications, i.e. 6G. In this paper, we investigate 6G challenges, requirements, trends. Furthermore,...

Cognitive radio (CR) is among the promising solutions for overcoming spectrum scarcity problem in forthcoming fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, whereas mobile stations are expected to support multimode operations maintain connectivity various access points. However, particularly multimedia services, because of time-varying channel capacity, random arrivals legacy users, and on-negligible delay caused by handoff, it challenging achieve seamless streaming leading minimum quality...

With the explosive advancements in smartphone technology, video uploading/downloading has become a routine part of digital social networking. Video contents contain valuable information as more incidents are being recorded now than ever before. In this paper, we present comprehensive survey on extraction from and forgery detection. context, review various modern techniques such computer vision different machine learning (ML) algorithms including deep (DL) proposed for Furthermore, discuss...

This study used machine learning classification of texture features from MRI breast tumor and peri-tumor at multiple treatment time points in conjunction with molecular subtypes to predict eventual pathological complete response (PCR) neoadjuvant chemotherapy.This employed a subset patients (N = 166) PCR data the I-SPY-1 TRIAL (2002-2006). cohort consisted stage 2 or 3 cancer that underwent anthracycline-cyclophosphamide taxane treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired...

The stringent requirements of wireless multimedia transmission lead to very high radio spectrum solicitation. Although the is considered as a scarce resource, issue with availability not scarcity, but inefficient utilization. Unique characteristics cognitive (CR) such flexibility, adaptability, and interoperability, particularly have contributed it being optimum technological candidate alleviate scarcity for communications. However, communications over CR networks (MCRNs) bandwidth-hungry,...

With the explosive advancements in wireless communications and digital electronics, some tiny devices, sensors, became a part of our daily life numerous fields. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is composed devices. WSNs have emerged as key technology enabling realization Internet Things (IoT). In particular, sensor-based revolution WSN-based IoT has led to considerable technological growth nearly all circles such smart cities, homes, healthcare, security applications, environmental...

Diagnosis of deadly diseases, such as liver fibrosis, is very important. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) based on patient's historical medical data and accurate AI techniques can aid physicians in their decision-making process. The task arriving at an timely diagnosis always complex because the dynamic, vagueness, uncertainty associated with this disease. Fuzzy logic perfectly handle these issues. In recent years, two most interesting are a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP)...

Current advancements in vehicular networking lead to amplifying the issue of spectrum scarcity. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as key technology that enables flexible, efficient, and reliable exploiting by unlicensed networks use licensed bands an opportunistic manner alleviate scarcity issue. We have already proposed ad hoc sensor (VASNET) a new paradigm for communication utilizing wireless nodes two mobile stationary modes. The are employed sense vehicles' activity, example, car crashes....

Accommodating the fast-growing multimedia traffic demands at low cost is critical to ensure future competitiveness of cellular networks. Cognitive radio (CR) emerges as a key technology enhance spectrum utilization and provides an effective solution meet for mobile traffics. In this paper, we investigate reliable downlink video transmission in underlay CR networks by means cooperative diversity. We use RaptorQ code Application Layer Forward Error Correction scheme combat packet loss arising...

MPEG-2 transport stream (TS), standardized by the ISO/IEC as part of well-known standards family, is most widely deployed standard for multimedia services in traditional broadcast industry, such ATSC and DVB-T. MPEG have been designed to specify essential features applications, structure content composed multiple audio-visual streams temporal relationships among those streams. One new that was recently developed published, namely media (MMT), has catered emerging convergence digital...

The use of electronic medical records (EMRs) has simplified the processing patient data because does not need to carry documents and can simply show an identity card retrieve a complete record history. This digitization revolutionized sector, but two major challenges exist with online records: security trust. Data stored on Internet is secure requires additional framework safeguard maintain trust data. In this paper, blockchain-based proposed confidentiality EMRs. solution also used securely...

The Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) is a network smart interconnected devices operating under various aqueous environments. In UIoT, due to feature signal absorption, data signals are transmitted at low frequency. Similarly, significant interference and collisions degrade transmission quality, resulting in Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) long End-to-End (E2E) delay. Moreover, amount energy being wasted the void hole problem, which arises when source node does not identify an instant...

In this paper, we investigate video quality enhancement using computation offloading to the mobile cloud computing (MCC) environment. Our objective is reduce computational complexity required covert a low-resolution high-resolution while minimizing at client and additional communication costs. To do so, propose an energy-efficient framework for streaming services in MCC over fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. proposed framework, offloads burden cloud, which renders side information...

In cognitive radio networks, the main objective of spectrum sensing is to exploit holes left by primary users (PUs). Different PUs' traffic patterns might provide different opportunities for second user (SU) access. this paper, we identify and then maximize SU transmission accordingly. First a theoretical framework developed cluster PU based on Bayesian nonparametric inference model, in which number types unknown. Second, order holes, study sensing-transmission structure optimize strategy....

Wireless mesh networking is a promising technology that can support numerous multimedia applications. Multimedia applications have stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, i.e., bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio. Enabling such QoS-demanding over wireless networks (WMNs) require QoS provisioning routing protocols lead to the network resource underutilization problem. Moreover, random topology deployment leads some unused resources. Therefore, optimization one most...

Cancer is a major public health problem across the globe due to which millions of deaths occur every year. In United States, prostate cancer second leading cause cancer- related in men. The causes include increasing age, family history, diet, sexual behavior, and geographic location. Early detection can effectively reduce mortality rate. past, researchers have adopted various multimodal feature extracting strategies extract diverse comprehensive quantitative imaging features employed machine...

Traffic congestion is expected to be an inescapable problem in the near future, as traffic growing exponentially and becoming congested with thousands of millions vehicles across world. All existing approaches examine this domain are centralized not feasible terms cost, time, scalability issue. To investigate probable reasons for efficiency, paper proposes a novel algorithm reform any into complex network using principles decentralized Social Internet Things (SIoT). By integrating social...

Recently, nodes cooperation has emerged as a popular means for improving the quality of multimedia delivery over fifth‐generation cellular networks. However, in conventional relaying scheme such amplify‐and‐forward (AaF), there is higher probability duplicate packets at receiver node which affect decoding and consequently deteriorate transmission. In this study, authors propose cooperative transmission protocol based on novel merge‐and‐forward best relay selection (RS) schemes. Their RS two...

Tag identification time is handled as an important factor because the performance of RFID system decided by this dominantly. To improve ability, many anti-collision algorithms have been applied on system. ALOHA based are simple and they superior anticollision ability. But, it has disadvantage that grows worse collision probability increases rapidly in case reader recognize multiple tags. The improved framed slotted proposed to solve problem. reduced tag speed with method. By result, method...

Heterogeneity is one of the key features that characterizes future generation cellular networks, 5G and beyond. However, streaming high-quality bandwidth-hungry multimedia contents over bandwidth-constrained heterogeneous networks (5G HetNets) involves various significant challenges, including long video start time, failures, frequent buffering stalling, low quality experience (QoE). Traditional technologies, however, do not pay attention to either available network bandwidth or interaction...

Recently, device-to-device (D2D)-underlaid fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks have received plenty of attention because their ability to save network resources and reduce energy consumption. Most existing algorithms for multimedia services over D2D consider only the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ignore temporal requirements, which do not provide optimum performances. To overcome this issue, we propose a framework cross-layer link control system, guarantees quality service improves...

Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a promising technology to solve problems related spectrum scarcity and provides ubiquitous wireless access environment. CR-enabled secondary users (SUs) exploit white spaces opportunistically immediately vacate the acquired licensed channels primary (PUs) arrive. Accessing without prior knowledge of PU traffic patterns causes severe throughput degradation due excessive channel switching PU-to-SU collisions. Therefore, it is significantly important design...

In IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) environments, handovers occur when a mobile node (client) moves from the coverage of one access point (AP) to that another AP. particular, handover in multimedia streaming settings requires series tasks be executed – recognising disconnection currently associated AP, searching for other APs client visibility and so on. The time taken perform these gives rise an interruption service about 6 s, which greatly decreases users’ quality experience...