Evidence-based decision-making is critical for implementing conservation actions, especially human-wildlife conflicts, which have been increasing worldwide. Conservation practitioners recognize that long-term solutions should include altering human behaviors, and public education enforcement of wildlife-related laws are two management actions frequently implemented, but with little empirical evidence evaluating their success. We used a system where human-black bear conflicts were common, to...

Abstract: In Alberta, Canada (1982–2001), and in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, United States (1987–2001), wolves ( Canis lupus ) killed various domestic animals, among which the major prey were sheep (68%, n = 494 cattle (95%; 1633 ). Under recovery programs, wolf population increased States, depredation events proportionately. both countries, number of animals each year was correlated with by government authorities for management. We tested ability antiwolf barriers made flags hanging from ropes...

The rapid expansion of global urban development is increasing opportunities for wildlife to forage and become dependent on anthropogenic resources. Wildlife using areas are often perceived dichotomously as or not, with some individuals removed in the belief that dependency resources irreversible can lead increased human-wildlife conflict. For American black bears (Ursus americanus), little known about degree bear urbanization its ecological mechanisms guide management human-bear conflicts....

Abstract: Management and conservation of large carnivores increasingly includes conflicts with humans. Consequently, a greater understanding spatiotemporal trends is needed to efficiently allocate resources apply targeted management. Therefore, we examined spatial temporal distribution American black bear ( Ursus americanus; hereafter, bear)‐human in Colorado, USA, related 3 conflict types (agriculture operations, human development, road kills). We used the Getis‐Ord G i * clustering...

Abstract Coyotes ( Canis latrans ) are highly adaptable, medium-sized carnivores that now inhabit nearly every large city in the United States and Canada. To help understand how coyotes have adapted to living urban environments, we compared two ecologically evolutionarily important behavioral traits (i.e., bold-shy exploration-avoidance behavior) contrasting environments rural urban). Boldness is an individual’s reaction a risky situation exploration willingness explore novel situations. Our...

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual...

As landscapes across the globe experience increasing human development, it is critical to identify behavioral responses of wildlife this change given associated shifts in resource availability and risk from activity. This particularly important for large carnivores as their interactions with people are often a source conflict, which can impede conservation efforts require extensive management. To examine adaptations carnivore benefits risks development we investigated black bear behavior...

Worldwide, native predators are killed to protect livestock, an action that can undermine wildlife conservation efforts and create conflicts among stakeholders. An ongoing example is occurring in the western United States, where wolves (Canis lupus) were eradicated by 1930s but again present parts of their historic range. While livestock losses represent a small fraction overall mortality, response these depredations has resulted widespread including significant at lethal wolf control reduce...

Urban environments offer wildlife novel anthropogenic resources that vary spatiotemporally at fine scales. Property damage, economic losses, human injury, or other human‐wildlife conflicts can occur when use these resources; however, few studies have examined urban resource selection scales to guide conflict mitigation. We studied black bears ( Ursus americanus ) in the area of Aspen, Colorado, USA from 2007 2010 quantify bear foraging on natural and model factors associated with feeding...

Abstract Expanding human development and climate change are dramatically altering habitat conditions for wildlife. While the initial response of wildlife to changing environmental is typically a shift in behaviour, little known about effects these stressors on hibernation an important life‐history trait that can subsequently affect animal physiology, demography, interspecific interactions human‐wildlife interactions. Given future trajectories land use change, it professionals understand how...

Abstract In many cities throughout North America, human–coyote conflicts are an emerging problem. Little research has described temporal and spatial patterns of conflicts, although such information can be important step in developing optimizing management efforts. We used reports from 22 entities within the Denver Metropolitan Area (DMA) Colorado that provided on coyote observations (signs, sightings, encounters) (incidents, pet‐attacks, human‐attacks). Our objectives were to 1) define,...

Abstract Optimal collection and preservation protocols for fecal DNA genotyping are not firmly established. We evaluated 3 factors that influence microsatellite success of extracted from coyote ( Canis latrans ) scats: 1) age scat, 2) preservative, 3) diet content. quantified by comparing rates allelic dropout, false alleles, failed amplifications among consensus genotypes. used a panel 6 loci to genotype 20 scat samples, each which was subjected (1 day, 5 days, 10 days post‐deposition) (DET...

There is a growing recognition among wildlife managers that focusing management on often provides temporary fix to human–wildlife conflicts, whereas changing human behavior can provide long-term solutions. Human dimensions research of conflicts frequently focuses stakeholders' characteristics, problem identification, and acceptability management, less evaluation actions change behavior. Consequently, little information exists assess overall success management. We draw our experience studying...

Context. Wolf predation on livestock can cause economic hardship for producers as well reduce tolerance wolves. Lethal control of wolves is often controversial; thus, development effective non-lethal methods reducing wolf–livestock conflict important. Electrified fladry a new tool that similar to (i.e. barrier system scares wolves), but electrified also incorporates an electric shock designed decrease the potential habituate barriers. Aim. Evaluation requires understanding its effectiveness...

Human-coyote conflict in urban environments is a growing issue cities throughout the United States with primary problem being development of individuals that are overly bold and aggressive people pets. Little research has focused on management options to deal this conflict. We better define lethal non-lethal strategies associated proactive reactive coyotes, an emphasis individuals. then provide data from Denver Metropolitan Area (DMA) removal coyotes hazing (i.e., community-level hazing)....

Abstract Rapid, widespread changes in public perceptions and behaviors have the potential to influence conservation outcomes. However, few studies documented whether how such shifts occur throughout span of a initiative. We examined 2020 ballot initiative reintroduce wolves into Colorado, which passed with less support than prior surveys had estimated. conducted postelection survey Colorado residents using same methods as our preelection compare responses between official election results....

Abstract Some animal species are responding to climate change by altering the timing of events like mating and migration. Such behavioral plasticity can be adaptive, but it is not always. Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) from southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation have mostly remained on ice year‐round, as warms summer sea declines, a growing proportion summering ashore. The triggers this novel behavior well understood. Our study uses parametric time‐to‐event model test whether biological and/or...

ABSTRACT Reducing human–wildlife conflict is critical for global biodiversity conservation and supporting livelihoods in landscapes where people wildlife co‐occur. Interventions intended to reduce conflicts their negative outcomes are diverse widespread, yet there often a dearth of empirical evidence regarding effectiveness, particularly at appropriate spatiotemporal scales. We investigate an underappreciated question relevant large carnivore–livestock systems globally spillover effects...