The experience of pain is subjectively different from the fear and anxiety caused by threats pain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy humans was applied to dissociate neural activation patterns associated with acute its anticipation. Expectation activated sites within medial frontal lobe, insular cortex, cerebellum distinct from, but close to, locations mediating itself. Anticipation can own right cause mood changes behavioral adaptations that exacerbate suffering experienced...

Characterization of large-scale brain networks using blood-oxygenation-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging is typically based on the assumption network stationarity across duration scan. Recent studies in humans have questioned this by showing that within-network connectivity fluctuates order seconds to minutes. Time-varying profiles resting-state (RSNs) may relate spontaneously shifting, electrophysiological states and are thus mechanistically particular importance....

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience usually triggered by stimulation of peripheral nerves often associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It well known that pain perception for patients normal subjects can be modulated psychological factors, such as attention, stress, arousal. Our understanding how this modulation occurs at a neuroanatomical level poor. Here we neuroanatomically defined key area in the network brain regions active response to attention painful...

Abstract High resolution functional MRI (fMRI) experiments were performed in human visual cortex at 0.5, 1.5, and 4 T to determine the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) field strength response within regions of obvious venous vessels cortical gray matter (“tissue”). 2 *‐weighted FLASH images collected single‐ multi‐echo mode used intrinsic BOLD parameters, namely, signal‐to‐noise ratio (Ψ), apparent transverse relaxation rate (R *) change R * (ΔR between activated baseline states. The...

The neuronal circuitry underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied in traumatized subjects with and without PTSD.Traumatized (N=9) PTSD were by using the script-driven symptom provocation paradigm adapted to functional magnetic resonance imaging at a 4-T field strength.PTSD showed significantly less activation of thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus (Brodmann's area 32), medial frontal 10/11) than did comparison subjects.The findings suggest cingulate, frontal, thalamic...

Abstract The functional equivalence of overt movements and dynamic imagery is fundamental importance in neuroscience. Here, we investigated the participation neocortical motor areas a classic task imagery, Shepard Metzler's mental rotation task, by time-resolved single-trial Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). subjects performed mental-rotation 16 times, each time with different object pairs. Functional images were acquired for pair separately, onset times widths activation peaks area...

Although the cerebral cortex has been implicated in control of swallowing, functional organization human cortical swallowing representation not fully documented. Therefore, present study determined fourteen healthy right-handed female subjects using single-event-related magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects were scanned during three activation tasks: a naı̈ve saliva swallow, voluntary and water bolus swallow. Swallow-related laryngeal movement was recorded simultaneously from output...

To establish the accuracy of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measures middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity (CBFV) as a surrogate (CBF) during hypercapnia (HC) and hypocapnia (HO), we examined whether cross-sectional area (CSA) MCA changed HC or HO TCD-based estimates CBFV were equivalent to from phase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging. CSA was measured 3T images baseline, (hyperventilation at 30 breaths/min), (6% carbon dioxide). PC TCD these protocols on separate...

Although multiple regions of the cerebral cortex have been implicated in swallowing, functional contributions each brain area remain unclear. The present study sought to clarify roles these cortical foci swallowing by comparing activation associated with voluntary saliva and tongue elevation. Fourteen healthy right-handed subjects were examined single-event-related magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while laryngeal movements movement simultaneously recorded. Both elevation activated 1) left...

Vascular responses to neural activity are exploited as the basis of a number brain imaging techniques. The vascular response is thought be too slow resolve temporal sequence events involved in cognitive tasks, and hence, studies mental chronometry have relied on techniques such evoked potential. Using rapid functional MRI (fMRI) single trials two simple behavioral we demonstrate that while microvascular onset delayed consistently by several seconds, relative timing between fMRI different...

OBJECTIVE: This study used functional connectivity analyses to assess interregional brain activity correlations during the recall of traumatic memories in traumatized subjects with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Both 4-T magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were script-driven symptom provocation (N=11) (N=13) PTSD. Functional carried out by using data for regions activated both PTSD group comparison group. The use addition subtraction allowed assessment specific...

Associative learning is thought to depend on detecting mismatches between actual and expected experiences. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), we studied brain activity during different types of mismatch in a paradigm where contrasting-colored lights signaled the delivery painful heat, nonpainful warmth, or no stimulation. When heat stimulation was unexpected, there increased FMRI signal intensity areas hippocampus, superior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, parietal gyrus that not...

The purpose of the present study was to determine cortical structures involved with integrated baroreceptor-mediated modulation autonomic cardiovascular function in conscious humans independent changes arterial blood pressure. We assessed brain regions associated lower body negative pressure (LBNP)-induced baroreflex control using functional magnetic resonance imaging oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast eight healthy male volunteer subjects. levels LBNP administered were 5, 15 and 35...

We conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments that examined novelty responses in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) to determine whether hippocampus makes contributions memory processing differ from those of structures adjacent parahippocampal region. In light proposals such differential may pertain relational demands, we assessed event-related fMRI MTL for novel single objects and spatial non-spatial object relationships; subjects were asked detect these...

The rodent brain is organized into functional networks that can be studied through examination of synchronized low-frequency spontaneous fluctuations (LFFs) the magnetic resonance imaging -blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. In this study, resting LFFs were estimated from whole-brain BOLD signals using independent component analysis (ICA). ICA provides a hypothesis-free technique for determining connectivity map does not require priori selection seed region. Twenty Long-Evans rats...

Computational and empirical neuroimaging studies have suggested that the anatomical connections between brain regions primarily constrain their functional interactions. Given large-scale organization of networks is determined by temporal relationships regions, structural limitations may extend to global characteristics networks. Here, we explored extent which network community structure underlying architecture. We directly compared macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) connectivity (FC) assessed...

Although the frontal eye field (FEF) has been identified in macaque monkeys and humans, practical constraints related to invasiveness task demands have limited a direct cross-species comparison of its functional connectivity. In this study, we used resting-state MRI data collected from both awake humans anesthetized examine compare connectivity FEF. A seed region analysis revealed consistent ipsilateral connections FEF with fronto-parietal cortical areas across species. These included...