Insects have an effective innate immune system to protect themselves against fungal invasion. Metarhizium employs a toxin-based strategy using nonribosomal peptide called destruxin A (DA) counteract the host response. However, mechanism by which DA inhibits insect immunity is still unclear. Here, we identified 48 DA-binding proteins in silkworm hemolymph, with binding affinity (K

The genus Purpureocillium is renowned for its role in biocontrol and biotechnological applications. identification of new species within this crucial broadening our understanding ecological roles potential utility sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to characterize a Purpureocillium, isolated from soil eastern China, evaluate bioactivity against Ostrinia furnacalis (corn moth) Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth). We utilized morphological characterization; molecular phylogenetic...

A series of β-Carboline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their fungicidal activities in this study. Several electively exhibited against some fungi. Especially, compound F5 higher activity Rhizoctonia solani (53.35%) than commercial antiviral agent validamycin (36.4%); F16 high Oospora citriaurantii ex Persoon (43.28%). Some the alkaloids (compounds F4 F25) broad-spectrum activity. Specifically, excellent vitro, curative protection P. litchi vivo reached 92.59%...

Destruxin A (DA) is a cyclo-hexadepsipeptidic insecticidal mycotoxin isolated from the entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium spp. However, its mode of action unknown. In this study, we 149 candidate DA-binding proteins by drug affinity response target stability, and determined interactions 80 canditates with DA in vitro surface plasmon resonance. The coefficients (KD) ranged 24 to 469 μM. Binding were functionally diverse included cytoskeletal components cell motility, protein transcription...

The genus Lecanicillium was established in 2001 based on the type species lecani (former, Verticillium lecani), which is an important entomopathogenic fungus. To date, more than thirty have been reported, but much are waiting to discover. In this study, two novel isolated from soil east China were identified. They differ known closely related primarily sporulation structure, conidia and colony morphological characteristics, sequence variations LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF gene regions of ribosomal...

In response to the issues of high energy consumption, limited functionality, and uneven soil–fertilizer mixing in mechanical operations for trenching fertilizing hilly orchards, this study proposes design a crawler-type self-propelled machine, integrating three main functions: trenching, fertilizing, soil covering. The key components device, soil-covering device were designed. Three simulation models (pre-plant, mid-plant, post-plant) established using EDEM discrete element software. effects...

Bacillus velezensis is an effective biocontrol bacterium, with its microbial pesticides showing promise in biological control. In this study, we optimized the medium and conditions for fermenting strain F0b, developed a wettable powder formulation, assessed efficacy against Botrytis cinerea. We screened carriers, wetting agents, dispersants, UV protectants compatible determining optimal ratio dosage. The best F0b fermentation included rice flour (3.472%), ammonium chloride (4.898%), disodium...

In a continuing effort to develop novel β-carbolines endowed with better insecticidal activity, simple high-yielding method for the synthesis of harmine compounds starting from L-tryptophan has been developed and series 1,3-substituted β-carboline derivatives have synthesized evaluated their cytotoxicity against insect cultured Sf9 cell line in vitro activities 4th instar larvae mosquitos, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. The results demonstrated that...

This study investigated the antifungal activity and potential mechanism(s) of isoliquiritin against P. litchi Chen, one main pathogens. The Chen had been proven in a dose-dependent manner through vitro (mycelial growth sporangia germination) vivo (detached leaf) tests. Results revealed that exhibited significant tested pathogens, especially, with minimum inhibitory concentration 27.33 mg/L. morphology was apparently changed by cytoplasm leakage distortion mycelia. cell membrane permeability...

The effectiveness of Co-60 gamma irradiation in controlling citrus red mite (Panonychus citri McGregor) had been proved our earlier work. However, whether it could be used as an alternative method to replace the current way quarantine treatment against mites depends on performances effective doses fruits. This study was conducted explore effects nutrient composition (Shatang mandarin); selected fruits were divided into different groups and each group irradiated at 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5,...

Two new grayanane diterpenoids, rhodomolins A (1) and B (2), together with two known rhodomolleins I rhodojaponin III, were isolated from the flowers of Rhododendron molle. The structures 1 2 elucidated on basis interpretation spectroscopic data. All compounds evaluated for cytotoxic activity against Spodoptera frugiperda cell line Sf-9 gave IC50 values in range 12−80 μg/mL.

Summary This article presents the first report of bacterial wilt on fig ( Ficus carica ) trees in China. In 2014, with typical symptoms were observed for time The causal pathogen was determined to be Ralstonia solanacearum . Identification based symptomatology, morphology, BioLog carbohydrate utilization, 16S rDNA sequence analyses and phylotype‐specific multiplex‐ PCR assays.

Male and female litchi stem-end borers, Conopomorpha sinensis (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were γ-irradiated in a 60Co source during several periods of their pupal development as newly emerged adults. When mature pupae, the most suitable stage for irradiation, received increasing γ-radiation doses, emergence rate, flight ability adult longevity increasingly diminished. Females that from pupae irradiated with 200, 250, 300 Gy did not oviposit any eggs when mated either non-irradiated males...

Insects possess an effective innate immunity that enables them to adapt their intricate living environment and fend off various pathogens (or parasites). This comprises both humoral cellular immunity, which synergistically orchestrate immune responses. Hemocytin, a lectin with distinctive structure, plays crucial role in insect hemolymph immunity. Hemocytin is involved the early response, facilitating processes such as coagulation, nodulation, encapsulation hemolymph. It prevents overflow...

Abstract The activity of rhodojaponin‐III (R‐III), a grayanoid diterpene compound isolated from Rhododendron molle G. Don flowers, was determined under laboratory and field conditions as an antifeedant, stomach poison, contact toxicant insect growth inhibitor against Pieris rapae (L.) larvae. median antifeedant concentration (AFC 50 ) values in no‐choice leaf disc tests were 1.16 15.85 mg L −1 at 24 h after treatment when tested third fifth instars respectively. lethal (LC 2.84 9.53 96 R‐III...

Metarhizium anisopliae as an essential entomopathogenic fungus has been known to produce destruxins (a kind of cyclo-peptidic mycotoxins) and blastospores in submerged culture. Blastospores are candidates for insecticides, but the relations both productions impact factors unclear yet. In this study, we investigated effects inoculums, rotation, dissolved oxygen (DO) on A B (DA DB) culture M. strain MaQ01. The results indicated that DO levels were regulated by inoculum amounts rotation speeds,...

Destruxin A (DA), a cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin produced by entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, has good insecticidal activity and potential to be new pesticide. However, the mechanism of action is still obscure. Our previous experiments showed that DA was involved in regulation transcription protein synthesis suggested silkworms’ arginine tRNA synthetase (BmArgRS), Lamin-C Proteins (BmLamin-C) ATP-dependent RNA helicase PRP1 (BmPRP1) were candidates DA-binding proteins. In this...

The insect growth regulating properties of rhodojaponin‐III (Abbr. R‐III) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract from Rhododendron molle G. Don flowers against imported cabbage worm, Pieris rapae L., were determined under laboratory field conditions. values IC 50 (the median concentration for inhibiting weight increase) R‐III EtOAc 6.78 p.p.m. 70.29 3rd instar larvae 13.72 346.00 5th larvae, respectively. also could reduce pupating rate, pupal weight, emergence rate extend the duration...

The potential of botanical extracts such as Celosia argenea L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), Ricinus communis (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), Mikania micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (Astrales: Asteraceae), and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) for the control Brontispa longissima Gestro was evaluated in a bioassay semi–field trial. Dose–response showed no significant difference oral–toxicity among

Destruxin A, a non-ribosomal peptide toxin produced by Metarhizium, exhibits potent insecticidal activity targeting various tissues, organs, and cells of insects. Our previous research has revealed that DA possesses the ability to bind multiple proteins. In this study, we aimed identify most sensitive binding proteins investigate physiological processes in which regulated. Through RNAi technology, screened 22 silkworm hemolymph. Among them, juvenile hormone protein (JHBP), transport crucial...