This article utilizes a topology optimization approach to design planar multilayer transitions between substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) and rectangular (RWGs). The problem is formulated based on the modal field analyses Maxwell's equations in time domain solved by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We present boundary condition Klein-Gordon equation split traveling waves at homogeneous waveguide ports. employ compute portal quantities devise an adjoint-field system that...

Radar sensors have been widely used to estimate speed and displacement of remote targets. A novel market for contactless radar sensing is emerging in the field automatization process analysis, where non destructive testing evaluation methods are desired. Here, modern systems offer various advantages over conventional since they enable contactless, continuous, cost-efficient measurement static or dynamic ranges. These can further be vibration vital sign characterization. Advances microwave...

Joint communication and sensing (JCAS) holds great potential in a variety of applications because it combines radar signaling data transmission into single system. This means that both share their spectrum or even waveform within the RF spectrum, scarce expensive resource. Meanwhile, research on beyond 5G 6G is increasing tremendously. The advance software-defined radio, where signal processing mainly takes place software, allows different implementations for <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1"...

In this article, we have presented a lightweight, ultralow-power 24-GHz six-port radar system for remote vibration monitoring. Based on detailed analysis of year's competition scenario (featuring slightly modified FOM), an optimized concept and hardware implementation were proposed, with strong focus the design. Using purely passive microwave interferometer, both high phase resolution ultralow power consumption been achieved. During SDC, sensitivity well below 100 nm was demonstrated,...

In recent years, many countries have shown a great deal of interest in using the concept passive radar (PR) for remote surveillance and air traffic management. Companies research institutes, such as Thales, EADS, Selex, Hensoldt, NC3A, Warsaw University Technology, developed off-the-shelf PR systems, their experimental setups, or demonstrators <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , rid="ref2"...

This paper presents a topology optimization approach to design planar transitions between microstrip line (MSL) and rectangular waveguide (RWG) in the K-band. The transition comprises two sub-transitions: one from MSL substrate integrated (SIW) second SIW RWG. Both are on same can be manufactured with standard printed circuit board process. leads very cost-effective solution compared other approaches. A WR-42 easily surface mounted using flange. have been fabricated, their measured...

The measurement of the pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important diagnostic tool in human medicine, since it directly related to arterial stiffness, indicator for cardiovascular risks. This paper presents a compact 24 GHz continuous (CW) six-port Doppler radar system, which able precisely measure relative distances by interferometric approach. system used combination with switched beam antenna monitor at two different spots on abdominal aorta. Based wave's transit time between both spots,...

Interconnection of waveguides or horn antennas to a printed circuit board (PCB) is still challenge in modern system design. Currently, this requires high effort since the waveguide cannot easily be connected microstrip line coplanar grounded waveguide. This paper introduces new transition from for 24 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band, which facilitates mounting WR-42 antenna on single substrate PCB with low manufacturing costs hardware effort. The design, based integrated...

Over the last several years, short-range, noncontact microwave radar systems for industrial and medical applications have received significant attention reasons [1], [2]. First, today's RF chips are more efficient smaller than comparable of a few years ago. Second, high demand new sensor in health-care, automotive, applications, especially as field smart factories emerges, has boosted development ultralow-cost modules mass market [3], [4].

This paper examines different modulation and coding schemes (MCS) as well two antenna concepts for wireless communication at 2.4 GHz future rail traffic applications. In particular, the virtual coupling of vehicles confronts industry with massive challenges regarding communications technology. Data rates above 50 Mbit/s extremely low error need to be realized. Our examinations cover such 16 QAM up 1024 QAM, enabling a maximum data transfer rate 240 Mbit/s. The results indicate in which way...

Due to higher automation and predictive maintenance, it becomes more important acquire as many data possible during industrial processes. However, scenarios require remote sensing since either moving parts would result in wear tear of cables or harsh environments prevent a wired connection. In the last few years, resonant surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have promised possibility be interrogable wirelessly which showed very good results first studies. Therefore, sensor’s resonance...

Smart Factories require new sensor systems to collect important data and link different parts of a factory together in order control it automatically. In this paper low-power low-cost radar system with power consumption 1.5mW at sampling rate 10 measurements per second is presented. By using multitone approach, the unambiguous range can be enhanced significantly made more robust against influences from harsh industrial environments. It used for applications as tank level or piston monitoring...

In passive radar systems the high dynamic range between received reflected signal and of neighboring strong transmitters as well direct causes demands on receivers. Since a real receiver never shows perfect linear characteristic, this always implies nonlinear effects. Consequently, in generated interfering signals lead to reduced total sensitivity. According intensity spectral distribution input signals, intermodulation noise is produced. This paper consideration an estimation effects...

The fourth industrial revolution requires sensors and new measuring methods in different fields. Novel six-port based techniques for the resonant frequency of surface acoustic wave (SAW) calculating underlying physical parameter from this are very promising. This paper presents a fast highly isolated radio (RF) dual synthesizer 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific Medical (ISM)-band linearization with several frequencies attenuation steps which enhances measurement results. is indispensable...

In 1904, the first remote ranging system based on electromagnetic waves was put into operation to monitor approaching ships Rhine River [1]. Shortly afterward, systems were improved track airplanes in sky, and they obtained acronym radar during World War II. Although these targets large objects moved with relatively high speeds, engineers almost immediately started work solutions for improving resolution sensitivity of systems. Rapid progress fields RF engineering circuit design finally led...

This paper investigates the influence of nonlinearities on relative distance measurements by continuous-wave radar systems. For case a six-port receiver architecture, mathematical relationship between detector nonlinearity and measurement error is derived. Moreover, generalized sinusoidal model, which fits both mixer-based systems, used to study effect nonlinear mixing when one or more displacement movements with different amplitudes are be detected.

This work presents a cross correlation-based true-speed-over-ground estimation approach based on experiences from an earlier system. The radar system parameters as well the antenna configuration were adapted to fit requirements of presented application. Also, challenges regarding previously limited velocity range are addressed and appropriate solution is proposed. entire was thoroughly tested in train scenario over wide velocities. Very promising measurement results compared related approaches.

In this publication a linearization process for six-port based instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) systems surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators is presented. This concept makes the system more tolerant against temperature and other environmental influences can be further implemented on microcontrollers. Measurements in chamber are presented to show feasibility of developed demonstrator algorithms.

This paper presents a fast RF-synthesizer for instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) based on six-port technology surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The synthesizer is direct digital synthesis (DDS), which viable alternative to phase locked loops (PLL) due improved IC technologies, able precisely produce signals interrogate resonant SAW sensors perform linearization with several frequencies amplitude steps.

This paper presents a direct sampling receiver with an adjustable bandpass filter for passive radar FM radio. The allows the advantages of receiver, such as its good linearity properties, to be exploited without use additional attenuators at high signal levels, which leads increased noise figure, or narrowband filters fixed centre frequency, limits flexibility in selection useful signal.

The six-port interferometer is well known for its high phase resolution and therefor used in a wide range of applications like network analysis, displacement sensors communication systems. In addition, based instantaneous frequency measurement has recently emerged as promising alternative instrumentation wireless resonant sensors, such surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. This paper discusses the specific requirements design criteria compact cost-effective radio printed circuit board...

In this Letter, a novel approach for contactless, low‐cost and low‐power respiratory sensing is presented, which based on commercial LC tank. This sensor able to measure the variation of losses induced eddy currents during one respiration period. The developed system can be used in multiple different application fields where necessary. Examples that infant or patient beds vital parameters have monitored other contactless presence check desired. At first, theory operation requirements...