This paper presents a method for rapid detection of faults on voltage source converter multiterminal HVdc transmission networks using multipoint optical current sensing. The proposed uses differential protection as guiding principle, and is implemented measurements obtained from the sensors distributed along line. Performance assessed through detailed transient simulation MATLAB/Simulink models, integrating inductive dc-line terminations, dc circuit-breaker network fiber-optic sensors....

This paper presents a new method for locating faults in multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) networks incorporating hybrid transmission media, including segments of underground cables and overhead lines. The proposed traveling wave type uses continuous wavelet transform applied to series line measurements obtained from network distributed optical sensors. technical feasibility optically-based dc measurement is evaluated through laboratory experiments using Fiber-Bragg Grating sensors other...

This paper is aimed at analysing the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) onshore wind turbine generators (WTGs) that are in operation beyond their design lifetime. In order to do so, LCOE approach introduced and input parameters discussed for a UK deployment. addition, methodology presented support economic lifetime extension investment decision making end an asset's As part case study, farm consisting six 900 kW WTGs subjected different combinations i) (5–15 years), ii) assumptions...

In this paper, a sensor that is capable of measuring both ac current and temperature using single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) described. The device consists magnetically biased magnetostrictive alloy bonded to an FBG. magnetic field generated by the in specially designed coil produces internal strains which can be detected at sensing point determined through averaging output signal. measurement range varied altering design coil. A prototype currents up 1 has been constructed while...

In this paper, we analyze the performance of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation system based on an arrayed waveguide (AWG) device. The spectrum light reflected from FBG sensor is analyzed using AWG, which acts as a coarse spectrometer. Using measurement points AWG channels, original sensing element reconstructed by means curve fitting. modeled in LabView environment, allows modification and parameters simulating process. This, turn, quantification errors resulting nonlinearity...

We report on the design and prototyping of a robust high-speed interferometric multiplexer interrogator for fiber Bragg grating sensors. The scheme is based combination active WDM channel switching passive, instantaneous interferometry, allowing resolution virgin interrogators to be retained at MHz multiplexing rates. In this article system operation are described, prototype characterized three sensors rate 4 kHz, demonstrating noise floor 10 n <formula formulatype="inline"...

We report on recent developments in hybrid optical protection schemes that make use of passive fiber Bragg grating-based transducers for the distributed measurement voltage and current. In addition to details sensor technology, its full integration with a commercial busbar relay, we first-time laboratory demonstration centralized three-ended unit scheme featuring sensors capable wide-area coverage. Furthermore, discuss impact this technology present future applications may be improved or...

The degradation of onshore, reinforced-concrete wind turbine foundations is usually assessed via above-ground inspections, or through lengthy excavation campaigns that suspend power generation. Foundation cracks can and do occur below ground level, while sustained measurements crack behaviour could be used to quantify the risk water ingress reinforcement corrosion, these have not yet been monitored during operation. Here, we outline design, fabrication field installation subterranean...

Cracks can occur in reinforced-concrete onshore wind turbine foundations due to factors such as the use of substandard concrete mix, mistakes foundation design or multi-stage pouring under challenging weather conditions. are routinely identified via above ground inspections and follow-on examination excavated underground surfaces repaired, for example with resin injection grouting. Their impact on structure efficacy repair often unknown crack degradation during normal operating conditions is...

An analysis of an optical current transducer (OCT) considering in particular the influence temperature induced variations Verdet constant is presented. The supported by experimental evaluation a prototype OCT over range operating temperatures and values concludes with laboratory demonstration compensation scheme that improves measurement precision to better than 0.7%.

A passive, interferometric wavelength demodulation technique has been extended to measure the absolute wavelengths of a multiplexed array fiber Bragg grating sensors. The scheme retains its original strain resolution 10 nε/√{Hz}. proof-of-concept interrogation system was able determine peaks within 20 pm (17 με). Static and dynamic strains were accurately demodulated in both relative measurement modes. This demonstration indicates that techniques are provide absolute, static measurements...

We report on the design and implementation of a novel hybrid electro-optical sensor for measurement electric current. A fibre Bragg grating is utilized to passively interrogate an air-cored coil via low-voltage piezoelectric multilayer stack. Peak reflections are strain-tuned by Rogowski coil/piezoelectric transducer combination, allowing primary current reconstruction be performed remotely without active electronics at sensor. The preliminary embodiment demonstrates long-distance, passive...

In this work, we demonstrate hybrid optical-fibre/geopolymer sensors for monitoring temperature, uniaxial strain and biaxial in concrete structures. The detect these measurands via changes geopolymer electrical impedance, optical wavelength measurements of embedded fibre Bragg gratings. Electrical were both facilitated by metal-coated fibres, which provided the with a single, shared physical path voltage signals. revealed that specimens undergo 2.7 m shrinkage after one week curing at 42 °C....

In this paper, we give details of the design and laboratory evaluation preprototype hybrid fiber Bragg grating piezoelectric voltage sensor for a remotely interrogated condition monitoring system, such as measurement system used electrical submersible pump (ESP) motors. The proposed is directed toward upper rating (5 kV) ESP

We have highlighted how optical sensors can be exploited to solve many measurement problems within selected power and energy systems applications. Clearly, their development is defined at present by the industry demand, often unsatisfied with functionality performance of electrical instrumentation. In these cases, overall gain from being able monitor a plant will outweigh higher cost associated systems. However, as technology advances costs decrease, it hoped that photonic make way into more...

While soldering fiber Bragg gratings into ferrules may allow them to overcome their inherent mechanical and chemical weaknesses, the high temperatures required achieve reliable encapsulation can result in decreased grating reflectivity. In this paper, finite element models data from on-line temperature measurements of regenerated during induction heating are analyzed. The results used design implement an optimized methodology, which allows standard, type-I be brazed with high-temperature...

DC microgrids have the potential to radically disrupt distribution system market due benefits offered in easing integration and control of distributed renewable energy resources storage systems. However, non-zero-crossing fault current profiles associated with short-circuited systems present a major challenge for protection. Isolation faulted networks prior peak-current discharge DC-side capacitors may address this if rapid detection speeds (shorter than 2ms) can be achieved. Accordingly,...

In this work we present the first large-scale demonstration of metal packaged fibre Bragg grating sensors developed to monitor prestress levels in prestressed concrete. To validate technology, strain and temperature were mounted on steel prestressing strands concrete beams stressed up 60% ultimate tensile strength strand. We discuss methods calibration procedures used fabricate attach sensors. The use induction brazing for packaging gratings welding eliminates epoxy, making technique...

We report on the design and experimental evaluation of hybrid fiber Bragg grating (FBG) piezoelectric voltage sensor developed specifically for remote monitoring electrical submersible pump (ESP) motors. Unlike a previously reported transducer based single element, rating presented device could be as low 500 V due to use multilayer stack primary voltage-to-strain transducer. This enables such sensors across wider range ESP applications, which often have subkilovolt ratings. In addition...