Aerodynamic characteristics are the most important standard in field of racing cars. It can not only reflect combination properties vehicles but also highest dynamics. In history, many scientists published some optimized design schemes for For example, Bernoulli and Newton created their aerofoil aerofoil. 1970s, Gordon Murray installed a cooling fan on lower surface car to reduce impact ground. However, these studies focus part have lack integrity. Therefore, it is necessary classify them....

We study the nonlinear localized waves on constant backgrounds of Hirota–Maxwell–Bloch (HMB) system arising from erbium doped fibers. derive asymmetric breather, rogue wave (RW) and semirational solutions HMB system. show that breather RW can be converted into various soliton solutions. Under different conditions parameters, we calculate locus eigenvalues complex plane which converts breathers or RWs solitons. Based second-order solutions, investigate interactions among types including breathers,

Electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSS) have significant potential in power system frequency regulation. However, uncertainties of demand and regulation signals introduce risks to operational benefits performances. Aming enhance overall profitability, this study proposes day-ahead bidding real-time scheduling strategies for BSS participate In the stage, model is established. Then, information-gap decision theory (IGDT) employed determine optimal reserve capacities. The randomness...

The battery swapping mode of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to play an essential role in transportation and power systems. Plenty batteries are managed by the charging stations (BSCSs) as core assets. Proper inventory scale charging/discharging control planning operation BSCSs. This paper addresses two critical aspects BSCS batteries: optimal amount tradeoff between initial number depleted fully-charged at beginning each scheduling horizon. Aiming these, time coupling inventory,...

The data mining method is limited to be applied in the distribution network fault diagnosis because of unbalanced sample problem. Aiming at this problem, combining modified complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (MCEEMDAN) and conditional generative adversarial (CGAN), a identification for was proposed. At first, CEEMDAN by partial mean multi-scale permutation entropy. MCEEMDAN may decompose electric signal into series intrinsic functions. raw time-domain can...

This study conducts thermal aging treatment to the effect of on PD degradation process oil-paper insulation. The partial discharge inception voltages, extinction carbon mark, and microscopic morphology samples are analyzed. results show that does not reduce voltages but can make spark produced in more difficult extinguish. At initial stage, has little development normal direction samples, while later stages, begins appear; reduces insulation performance between layers oil impregnated paper...

Abstract The battery swapping mode is a promising way for electric vehicles (EVs) to participate in power grid frequency regulation. However, the operation mechanism and uncertainty management process still lack research. Aiming at this issue, paper proposes day‐ahead bidding strategy charging system (BSCS) providing regulation reserve capacity ancillary service market. Firstly, new BSCS‐based model established. Then, an ambiguity set based on Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence used manage of...

Quantization is one of the efficient model compression methods, which represents network with fixed-point or low-bit numbers. Existing quantization methods address by treating it as a single-objective optimization that pursues high accuracy (performance optimization) while keeping constraint. However, owing to non-differentiability operation, challenging integrate operation into training and achieve optimal parameters. In this paper, novel multi-objective convex for proposed. Specifically,...

Range anxiety seriously restricts the development of electric vehicles (EVs). To address above issue, a hybrid battery swapping system (HBSS) is developed in this paper. In system, EVs can swap their at stations or by roadside via vans. The proposed scheduling strategy aims to achieve best service quality for HBSS controlling mobile fee. model, uncertainty EV selection managed leveraging Sigmoid function. Based on proving uniqueness solution, particle swarm optimization algorithm used solve...

During the weathering process, internal elements of glass are exchanged with in environment a large number ways, causing changes their elemental proportions and affecting correct judgement classification. In this paper, classification high potassium lead-barium is based on random forest-genetic algorithm according to available data, law explored from various aspects. On basis one-layer classification, K-means cluster analysis used. For each category, subclasses classified, method results obtained.

Abstract In response to global environmental crisis and energy exhaustion, the renewable resources represented by solar wind have been rapidly developed. order make full use of dispatch within regional power grid, multi-objective optimal scheduling for improving consumption considering storage participation is studied. Firstly, charging discharging state multi-point arrangement device are judged according source load status gird. Secondly, operation constraints actual system, taking total...

Battery energy storage system (BESS) has been rapidly developed and widely used in power systems at home abroad. However, the mechanism of BESS affecting short-circuit current is not well understood. The existing models are difficult to accurately reflect dynamic characteristics during fault crossing period. This paper researched equipment modeling method which suitable for analysis. And simulation battery body, DC/DC converter, VSC converter its control was studied. Aiming unbalanced...

Abstract The penetration rate of Wind-Soloar-Storage integrated grid-connected systems in the power grid is getting higher and higher. However, mechanism its influence on short-circuit current still not deeply understood. This paper analyzes low-voltage ride-through reactive compensation strategies a Wind-PV-Storage system; process AC side studied, voltage sag degree limiting link affect steady amplitude phase current. Through establishing connected system model PSCAD/EMTDC, theoretical...

In the face of multiple failures caused by extreme disasters, power and communication sides distribution network are interdependent in fault recovery process. To improve post-disaster efficiency network, this paper proposes a coordinated optimization strategy for reconfiguration repair, which integrates aspects. First, process is divided into islanding–reconfiguration dynamic emergency repair. The coupling relationship between considered; that is, failure may cause nodes to lose power,...

In hybrid power grid, mutual support, coupling and influence exist between AC HVDC. Unbalanced development situation of the two transmission modes will profoundly change operating grid. today's China, system has entered a new era "large-scale UHV AC/DC grids" pattern. Within this paper, main hazards to sending end grid with UHVDC are proposed based on reviewing history Besides, take typical near area as an example, analyze stability characteristics mechanism for UHVDC, some security control...