The influence of volume changes and interfacial forces on the geometry peripheral air spaces was studied in excised rabbit lungs inflated with either or saline fixed by vascular perfusion at four points deflation limb pressure-volume curve corresponding to 100, 80, 60, 40% total lung capacity (TLC). In air-filled pleating folding alveolar septa were observed, especially corners. However, surfaces smooth, except low volumes where some surface crumpling occurred. saline-filled pleats absent;...

Monitoring the status of rotating components is important in modern machinery. The goal this study to evaluate feasibility using a k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classifier combined with Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, detect operational within agricultural machines. Vibration data, source were acquired from four accelerometers located along chassis harvester. Five statuses three harvester studied: engine (low/maximum speed), thresher, and chopper (on/off balanced/unbalanced). methodology includes...

We performed morphometric studies of carotid body in acutely and chronically hypoxic rats (inspired PO2 = 70 Torr, at sea level). Acute exposure was for the duration about 10 min, chronic lasted 28 days. confirmed that total volume organ increased by severalfold. At light-microscopy level we found an enlargement density blood sinuses from 14 to 31% due hypoxia. The hematocrit 39 70% paralleling changes conventionally measured venous hematocrit. These data do not show any specific plasma...

An electromiographic (EMG)-based human-machine interface (HMI) is a communication pathway between human and machine that operates by means of the acquisition processing EMG signals. This article explores use EMG-based HMIs in steering farm tractors. EPOC, low-cost human-computer (HCI) from Emotiv Company, was employed. device, 14 saline sensors, measures processes electroencephalographic (EEG) signals scalp driver. In our tests, HMI took into account only detection four trained muscular...

This study presents in detail a machine vision system that classifies objects into two classes. The procedure for the classification comprises stages: training stage and testing stage. A feature vector, which is sorted list of features maximize power, computed Object was accomplished by means discriminant analysis (DA) K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) algorithms. applied to wheat barley grain kernels. Results obtained allow researchers conclude kernels with presented system: (i) high accuracy can...

The goal of this article is to assess the feasibility estimating state various rotating components in agro-industrial machinery by employing just one vibration signal acquired from a single point on machine chassis. To do so, Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based system employed. Experimental tests evaluated acquiring data an agricultural harvester, while varying several its working conditions. whole process included two major steps. Initially, were preprocessed through twelve feature...

This paper presents a parametric fitting algorithm for segmentation of cervical and breast cell images from cytology smears. A elliptical model cells is introduced the parameters adjusted to fit shapes while minimizing cost function. Segmentation results noisy human textured demonstrate that proposed very successful in both nonoverlapped overlapped elliptically shaped cells.

Low-cost GPS receivers provide geodetic positioning information using the NMEA protocol, usually with eight digits for latitude and nine longitude. When these coordinates are converted into Cartesian coordinates, positions fit in a quantization grid of some decimeters size, dimensions which vary depending on point terrestrial surface. The aim this study is to reduce errors low-cost by Kalman filter. Kinematic tractor model equations were employed particularize filter, was tuned applying...

Currently, for many applications, it is necessary to know the speed and position of motors. This can be achieved using mechanical sensors coupled motor shaft or sensorless techniques. The techniques in brushed dc motors classified into two types: 1) based on dynamic model 2) ripple component current. paper presents a new method, component, estimation motors, support vector machines. proposed method only measures current detects pulses this signal. estimated by inverse distance between...

Sunflower seeds, one of the main oilseeds produced around world, are widely used in food industry. Mixtures seed varieties can occur throughout supply chain. Intermediaries and industry need to identify produce high-quality products. Considering that high oleic oilseed similar, a computer-based system classify could be useful The objective our study is examine capacity deep learning (DL) algorithms sunflower seeds. An image acquisition system, with controlled lighting Nikon camera fixed...

BLDC motor applications require precise position and speed measurements, traditionally obtained with sensors. This article presents a method for estimating those measurements without sensors using terminal phase voltages attenuated spurious, acquired FPGA that also operates PWM-controlled inverter. Voltages are labelled electrical virtual rotor states an encoder provides training testing data two three-layer ANNs perceptron-based cascade topology. The first ANN estimates the from features of...

Current commercial tractor guidance systems present to the driver information perform agricultural tasks in best way. This generally includes a treated zones map referenced tractor's position. Unlike actual where must mentally associate zone maps and plot layout, this paper presents system that using Augmented Reality (AR) technology, allows see real though eye monitor glasses with different color. The description of hardware software, test done image captures seen by driver, discussion...

This paper presents a system based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for estimating and predicting environmental variables related to tobacco drying processes. has been validated with temperature relative humidity data obtained from real dryer Wireless Sensor (WSN). A fitting ANN was used estimate in different locations inside the predict them time horizons. An error under 2% can be achieved when as function of other locations. Moreover, around 1.5 times lower than that interpolation...

Error is always present in the GPS guidance of a tractor along desired trajectory. One way to reduce error by improving positioning. The most commonly used ways do this are either employing more precise receivers and differential corrections or together with some other local positioning systems such as electronic compasses Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). However, both complex expensive solutions. In contrast, article presents simple low cost method improve when only receiver sensor. based...

An optimal segmentation algorithm for light microscopic cell images is presented. The image performed by thresholding a parametric approximating the original image. Using mean squared error between and constructed as cost function, problem transformed into an optimisation process where parameters are determined that minimise defined function. function iteratively minimised using unsupervised learning rule to adjust parameters, at each iteration, based on obtained parameters. region extracted...

We localized collagen types III, IV, and VI in normal rat lung by light electron immunohistochemistry. Type IV was present every basement membrane examined absent from all other structures. Although III had a similar distribution, being the interstitium of major airways, blood vessels, alveolar septa, as organs, they different morphologies. formed beaded fibers, 15-20 nm diameter, whereas type fine filaments, 5-10 diameter. Both were found exclusively interstitium, often associated with...

The ultrastructural distribution of specific connective-tissue components in the normal rat lung was studied by electron immunohistochemistry. Three these were localized: type I collagen, fibronectin and laminin. Type collagen present not only major airways vascular structures, but also alveolar septa. Laminin found all basement membranes, demonstrating once more that this glycoprotein is an intrinsic component membrane. Fibronectin free interstitium on surfaces fibers. membranes bronchial,...