Local officials and national observers have attributed the New York City drop in violent crime during 1990s to aggressive enforcement of public order, but relevant research is limited yields contrasting conclusions regarding effects order‐maintenance policing (OMP) on trends City. The current study investigates arrests precinct‐level robbery homicide with more reliable arrest data, longer time series, extensive controls for other influences than used prior research. We find statistically...

Several theoretical perspectives posit a negative association between the extent of neighborhood's organizational infrastructure and crime; yet, empirical support for this proposition has been limited in that researchers generally examine only few types organizations or combine them into one aggregate measure. Studies with measures may omit are effective at reducing crime, whereas those using obscure differences across their ability to control crime. Using data from 74 block groups South...

Objectives: Crime reporting intentions have been associated with ratings of police legitimacy and effectiveness. Less is known about the role personal encounters police. We explore this issue by specifying associations between type contact (involuntary/voluntary), scope (cumulative/recent), appraisal (respect/satisfaction last encounter). Methods: This study draws on surveys young adults in New York City ( N = 508) uses structural equation modeling to examine correlates crime intentions....

Studies have examined individual-level associations between fear of crime and various environmental cognitive assessments but largely dismissed the relationship dimensions broad behavioural adaptations. Drawing on risk interpretation model, we specify path models to assess nature relationships perceptions disorder patterning voluntary compulsory routine activities. We also explore whether these activities influence disorder, fear. Using data from 2007–8 British Crime Survey, find support for...

This mixed-methods study contributes to the emerging literature on immigration and law enforcement practices by measuring variation in attitudes toward police across first- second-generation immigrants a survey sample of young individuals aged 18–25 stopped New York City Police Department ( N = 508). We supplement results from these models with insights interviews other youth their caregivers 77). Findings show that foreign-born (first generation) generally exhibit more positive perceptions...

Police stops and other forms of intense policing practices involve a disproportionate number minority persons, particularly youth. While studies have shown that these encounters are not well received, there is paucity research on the specific exchanges citizen responses unfold in context stops. We address issues drawing interviews with 43 black Latino/a youth New York City. More specifically, we collate narratives police to document how different microaggressions by law enforcement across...

Research has begun to systematically assess the relationship between sentencing policies and state incarceration rates. Prior studies, however, have examined policy‐based relationships in isolation, failing consider impact of combinations policies. Using a pooled time series design, this article examines interactions structured sentencing, determinate rates 1978 2004. Results show that constraining release discretion through matters more than sentencing. Consistent with prior research, was...

Abstract This paper explores two models of preference-formation trust in the police Latin America and Caribbean: An institutional model that highlights role broad assessments government performance legitimacy an experiential approach focussed on more narrow experiences victimization contact. We examine these frameworks based theory analysis administrative data surveys from Americas Barometer 2014 (N = 34,798 respondents T 22 countries). Findings show with higher confidence their also...

Research indicates that socially integrated communities experience lower rates of violent crime. However, we have a limited understanding the specific neighborhood‐level processes accounting for this pattern. In particular, know little about convergence informal control mechanisms and other contextual such as drug market activity. This paper addresses issue by assessing mediating role markets social in relationship between levels violence structural characteristics neighborhoods. Three...

The distribution of the incidents sexual abuse by Catholic priests in United States ( event structure) and reports these events reporting structure ) present two distinct trajectories, confounding existing individual-level research results. Data from an institutional census records between 1950 2002 show a steady increase cases through late 1970s early 1980s, followed surge mid-1990s again 2002. These patterns are stable throughout all regions Church States. Rather than analyze or...

In this case study, we document challenges to reform implementation posed by line staff, supervisors, and managers during a large‐scale realignment of the Kansas Department Corrections (KDOC) in which they sought replace traditional approach “risk containment” focused on surveillance incarceration with new model reduction” service delivery reintegration. We draw interviews, observations, archival research staff's discursive rollout policy. More specifically, describe how varying...

The study documents opinions about the police among black and Latino youth explores how these assessments reflect differences in lived experiences frames of interpretation encounters across gender race/ethnicity. This specification is important to better understand navigate interactions with law enforcement discrete are interpreted context other contacts racial inequality. We draw on interviews 43 youth, ages 13–21, compiled as part a project stops New York City. Although our findings...

This article examines the role of racial identity in configuration opinions about police. We argue that links social context to individual valuations law enforcement, moderating association between specific encounters and general views on police legitimacy effectiveness. These propositions are assessed using data from a sample 451 Black Latino/a youth New York City. Findings lend partial support for hypothesis that, with strong racial/ethnic identity, detrimental consequences more “coercive”...

This study examines state policies governing criminal sentencing and prison release decisions between 1970 2010. The goal is to create common definitions operationalizations of better specify state-level policy differences over time across jurisdictions. Relying on an independent review codes, we define catalogue key legislative initiatives adopted the states, including presumptive sentences, guidelines, abolition discretionary release. We argue that a set accounting necessary for enhancing...

Objectives: This article examines the decision-making of consumers illegal goods and services, using cigarette market in South Bronx as a case study. Methods: Sixty-seven adult smokers residing (New York City) were purposively recruited placed into 13 focus groups stratified by gender age to discuss their purchasing patterns cigarettes. Results: Our participants routinely buy consume illicit They prefer purchase these cigarettes legitimate stores rather than from street vendors. In...

This study examines courtroom actors' motivations for circumventing Kansas' Senate Bill 123, which created a mandatory probation/treatment sentence felony drug possession. Building on the focal concerns perspective, explores whether traditionally expressed in sentencing decisions – defendant blameworthiness and dangerousness applied context of law. Relying qualitative approach, involving semi-structured interviews with 60 judges, prosecutors, public defenders from across Kansas, we find that...

This study compares the recidivism of eligible drug possessors sentenced under Kansas’s mandatory treatment policy (SB 123) to those similar offenders receiving other sentences. Using multinomial logistic regression, authors found that participation in SB 123 was generally associated with a decrease likelihood recidivism. However, models relying on matched samples generated via propensity scores showed did not have significant impact rates relative community corrections and actually...

Abstract Research on General Strain Theory has not considered fully the range of emotions that might be linked to violent behavior. Moreover, quantitative analyses strain and have assessed emotional traits rather than states directly precede violence. We use narrative data from incarcerated women examine how they describe strains resulting emerged during incidents in which used Our findings confirm importance anger, but also suggest presence other related interactions. argue study can...

This study documents perceptions of victimization risk and other neighborhood dangers drawing on 43 in-depth interviews with youth residing in high-crime neighborhoods New York City. More specifically, it relates lived experiences crime police encounters to local threats identifies the role gender, race/ethnicity, configuration these assessments. We also highlight various analytical frames employed by as sensemaking devices map risks chart risk-mitigation strategies. Our findings indicate...

The authors use a pooled-time series design to examine the interplay between state incarceration rates, determinate sentencing, and size of African American population 1978 2004. Consistent with prior research, findings show that larger Black populations are associated higher rates but this association has weakened over time. Results also indicate sentencing is lower imprisonment rates. interaction proportion residents however, suggesting in states greater minority presence abolition...

Este artículo examina los factores que condicionan el trato y la disposición preliminar de casos penales. Para esto estimamos modelos multivariados basados en observación aleatoria audiencias Bogotá Cali (N = 330), lo incluyó recolección datos sobre comportamiento jueces, sus decisiones las características personas detenidas. Se demuestra "extralegales", como, por ejemplo, tipo defensa o origen étnico racial procesados, están asociados con variación e imposición detención preventiva, además...