Gold inverse opal (Au-IO) thin films are active for CO2 reduction to CO with high efficiency at modest overpotentials and selectivity relative hydrogen evolution. The specific activity evolution diminishes by 10-fold increasing porous film thickness, while is largely unchanged. We demonstrate that the origin of suppression in Au-IO stems from generation diffusional gradients within pores mesostructured electrode rather than changes surface faceting or Au grain size. For electrodes optimal...

Abstract An electrode's performance for catalytic CO 2 conversion to fuels is a complex convolution of surface structure and transport effects. Using well‐defined mesostructured silver inverse opal (Ag‐IO) electrodes, it demonstrated that mesostructure‐induced limitations alone serve increase the turnover frequency activation per unit area, while simultaneously improving reaction selectivity. The specific activity catalyzed evolution systematically rises by three‐fold H declines ten‐fold...

We show that bicarbonate is neither a general acid nor reaction partner in the rate-limiting step of electrochemical CO2 reduction catalysis mediated by planar polycrystalline Au surfaces. formulate microkinetic models and propose diagnostic criteria to distinguish role bicarbonate. Comparing these with observed zero-order dependence simulated interfacial concentration gradients, we conclude not cocatalyst. Instead, it acts as viable proton donor past sluggish buffer maintains bulk but local...

Correlating the current/voltage response of an electrode to intrinsic properties active material requires knowledge electrochemically surface area (ECSA), a parameter that is often unknown and overlooked, particularly for highly nanostructured electrodes. Here we demonstrate power nonaqueous electrochemical double layer capacitance (DLC) provide reasonable estimates ECSA across 17 diverse materials spanning metals, conductive oxides, chalcogenides. Whereas data recorded in aqueous...

The dynamics of carbon monoxide on Cu surfaces was investigated during CO reduction, providing insight into the mechanism leading to formation hydrogen, methane, and ethylene, three key products in electrochemical reduction CO2 . Reaction order experiments were conducted at low temperature an ethanol medium affording high solubility surface-affinity for monoxide. Surprisingly, methane production rate is suppressed by increasing pressure CO, whereas ethylene remains largely unaffected. data...

Abstract An electrode's performance for catalytic CO 2 conversion to fuels is a complex convolution of surface structure and transport effects. Using well‐defined mesostructured silver inverse opal (Ag‐IO) electrodes, it demonstrated that mesostructure‐induced limitations alone serve increase the turnover frequency activation per unit area, while simultaneously improving reaction selectivity. The specific activity catalyzed evolution systematically rises by three‐fold H declines ten‐fold...

This study suggests that Internet-mediated communication played an important role for Asian international students in South Korea maintaining and strengthening tightly knit, emotionally close relationships such as family friends. Alternatively, allowed these to make connections with members of the same ethnic groups well Korean students; however, main goal new was gain informational resources. Interview data disclosed maintained a transcultural space online world. Because Internet is open...

Abstract The dynamics of carbon monoxide on Cu surfaces was investigated during CO reduction, providing insight into the mechanism leading to formation hydrogen, methane, and ethylene, three key products in electrochemical reduction 2 . Reaction order experiments were conducted at low temperature an ethanol medium affording high solubility surface‐affinity for monoxide. Surprisingly, methane production rate is suppressed by increasing pressure CO, whereas ethylene remains largely unaffected....

Strictly engineering aspects of available transmission capacity (ATC) are analyzed first. Nonlinear network theory is used to provide several key conditions under which one could define a notion ATC and specific novel algorithms for its evaluation. Next, the fundamental problem prevents from developing an economically efficient distributed market based on identified. It suggested that electric power arbitrary topology it not possible map computed onto value. All findings illustrated using...

This study examines how an organization's access to the media reflects two sets of influences—its public relations (PR) expertise and legitimacy. A context stem cell cloning debate is used test relationships. Two surveys a content analysis show that legitimacy sources perceived by journalists has impact on regularity valence those sources' coverage, whereas PR does not have any indicators. Public expertise, however, shows some as journalists, indicating operates intervening variable between sources.

Here, we rationally assemble 1D biological templates into scalable, 3D structures to fabricate metal nanofoams with a variety of genetically programmable architectures and material chemistries.

This study examines the relationship between credibility and news coverage of organizations involved in stem cell and/or cloning debate. Medical, health, science journalists were asked to rate thirty on their credibility—trustworthiness, accuracy, fairness, bias. The also a content analysis 883 stories how portrayed those terms five indicators coverage. findings suggest that source is related quality aspect coverage, such as regular positive whereas it not amount

Abstract To examine the prevalence and diversity of older adults on primetime television, age stereotyping in these portrayals, we analysed contents 112 episodes popular American television series aired between 2004 2018. We identified 6.6 per cent characters as aged 65 – a slight improvement to values reported previous studies. However, adult are still grossly under-represented, considering actual proportion general population United States America. Further, typical character was young-old,...

This study examined whether there were differences in news reporting of women's subjects South Korea due to reporter gender. The findings reveal that, covering the women Cabinet members Korea, female reporters used a more positive tone, emphasized conflict value less, fewer stereotypical references women, and employed gender-sensitive perspectives than did male reporters. Our analysis also that was not significant difference between female-friendly newspapers female-unfriendly terms story's...

Mutual coupling of a two-element linear microstrip patch antenna array positioned along the E-plane including effect edge reflections is investigated by experiment and full-wave simulation. The optimum substrate sizes calculated simple formulas using geometrical optics are in good agreement with those obtained Experimental results show that on mutual antennas mainly determined effective dielectric constant for surface waves grounded substrate.

Electricity markets with only a few large suppliers often exhibit less competitive behaviour than desired. The presence of transmission constraints further restrict competition among and provide more opportunities for to exercise market power. While it is generally acknowledged that long-term contracts good measures mitigating power in the spot market, thus reducing undesired price spikes, not clear how effective these are if severely limited due constraints. An analytical approach through...

This study has explored the US and Korean newspapers' election coverage in regard to their respective nations' female candidates relative male rivals during 2007–2008 presidential nomination campaigns. The findings reveal that both newspapers displayed no bias adopting personal, issue, viability frames cover versus candidates. Additionally, dailies gave Clinton as much attention Obama, can be seen similar amount of articles, headlines, primary coverage; however, Park, candidate Korea,...

In this paper, the authors construct a mathematical metric for measuring performance of transmission provider (TP) under newly proposed price cap regulation scheme. The heart problem lies in developing systemwide social welfare function which captures unique role TP new industry environment where electricity is provided through market mechanism. restructuring electric power still relatively recent event at time writing, and there yet to be consensus on actual implementation scheme regulating...

In this paper we describe a fundamental structure for the transmission provider (TP) composed of independent company (ITC) and system operator (SO). Under proposed structure, ITC SO are two entities working cooperatively to carry out functions TP. The differentiated through ownership operational authority. Roughly speaking, owns regional network, provides various services connected with longer term (physical financial) energy trade, carries related including making investment decisions. SO,...

본 연구는 정치, 사회적으로 논란이 될 수 있는 이슈에 대해 입장을 밝히는 기업의 CSA 활동이 확대되는가운데 이에 대한 공중의 반응에 영향을 미칠 요인에 알아보고자 했다. 구체적으로, 기업-개인 입장 일치도와 기업-이슈 적합도가 기업에 개인의 보이콧 의도와 바이콧 의도에 미치는 확인하고자 보이콧과 바이콧은 정치적 소비 활동으로 공중이 자신의 가치관을 바탕으로 행하는 다양한 형태의 사회적 참여 활동이며 여기에는 행동만 국한되는 것이 아니라 청원 운동이나 캠페인과 같은 커뮤니케이션 행동을 포함한다. 추가적으로 일치도 및 이슈 관여도와 조직-공중 관계성이 조절하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 성인 남녀 350명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시했다. 설문에서 제시한 이슈는 '여성 지지' 이슈였고 대상 기업은 미국의 스포츠용품 브랜드인 '나이키'였다. 연구 결과, 기업-개인입장 일치도는 의도에는 유의미한 보이지 않았지만 긍정적인 보였다. 그리고 높을수록 의도는 낮아지고 높아지는 것을...