A5044416978- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Forest ecology and management
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Forest Management and Policy
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Seedling growth and survival studies
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2016-2025
University of Kentucky
2024
Colorado State University
2024
Urbana University
2017-2023
University of Illinois System
2011-2023
Agricultural Research Service
2023
University of Sheffield
2020-2023
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
2019-2020
Ecological Society of America
2016-2020
John Wiley & Sons (United States)
2016-2020
Climate change predictions derived from coupled carbon-climate models are highly dependent on assumptions about feedbacks between the biosphere and atmosphere. One critical feedback occurs if C uptake by increases in response to fossil-fuel driven increase atmospheric [CO 2 ] (“CO fertilization”), thereby slowing rate of ]. Carbon exchanges terrestrial atmosphere often first represented as net primary productivity (NPP). However, contribution CO fertilization future global cycle has been...
ABSTRACT To determine if damage to foliage by biotic agents, including arthropods, fungi, bacteria and viral pathogens, universally downregulates the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, we compared transcriptome data from microarray experiments after twenty two different forms on eight plant species. Transcript levels photosynthesis light reaction, carbon reduction cycle pigment synthesis decreased regardless type attack. The corresponding upregulation coding for jasmonic acid...
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide was increased by 200 microliters per liter in a forest plantation, where competition between organisms, resource limitations, and environmental stresses may modulate biotic responses. After 2 years the growth rate dominant pine trees about 26 percent relative to under ambient conditions. Carbon enrichment also litterfall fine-root increment. These changes total net primary production 25 percent. Such an increase globally would fix 50...
Abstract Carbon‐use efficiency (CUE), the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to gross (GPP), describes capacity forests transfer carbon (C) from atmosphere terrestrial biomass. It is widely assumed in many landscape‐scale carbon‐cycling models that CUE for a constant value ∼0.5. To achieve CUE, tree respiration must be fraction canopy photosynthesis. We conducted literature survey test hypothesis and universal among forest ecosystems. Of 60 data points obtained 26 papers published since...
The idea that the concentration of secondary metabolites in plant tissues is controlled by availability carbon and nitrogen environment has been termed carbon–nutrient balance hypothesis (CNB). This invoked both for prediction post hoc explanation results hundreds studies. Although it successfully predicts outcomes some cases, fails to such an extent cannot any longer be considered useful as a predictive tool. As information from studies accumulated, many attempts have made save CNB, but...
Abstract Increasing drought and extreme rainfall are major threats to maize production in the United States. However, compared impact, impact of excessive on crop yield remains unresolved. Here, we present observational evidence from insurance data that can reduce up −34% (−17 ± 3% average) States relative expected long‐term trend, comparable −37% loss by (−32 2% 1981 2016. Drought consistently decreases due water deficiency concurrent heat, with greater for rainfed wetter areas. Excessive...
Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 349–357 The earth’s future climate state is highly dependent upon changes in terrestrial C storage response to rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Here we show that consistently enhanced rates net primary production (NPP) are sustained by a C-cascade through the root-microbe-soil system; increases flux belowground under elevated CO2 stimulated microbial activity, accelerated rate soil organic matter decomposition and tree uptake N bound this SOM. This process...
M orphological and anatomical features of plant leaves are commonly associated with metabolic type (e.g., Kranz anatomy C4 species), amount sun exposure shade leaves), or water stress xeromorphism). However, although the primary function leaf is to absorb process sunlight carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, few structural have been related mechanistically these tasks. For example, it has known over a century that internal characterized by different cell layers palisade spongy mesophyll)...
Abstract One potentially significant impact of growing biofuel crops will be the sequestration or release carbon (C) in soil. Soil organic (SOC) represents an important C sink lifecycle balances biofuels and strongly influences soil quality. We assembled analyzed published estimates SOC change following conversion natural agricultural land to corn with residue harvest, sugarcane, Miscanthus x giganteus , switchgrass, restored prairie. estimated losses associated rates over time by regressing...
Abstract The global soil carbon (C) pool is massive, so relatively small changes in organic (SOC) stocks can significantly alter atmospheric C and climate. recently proposed concept of the microbial pump (MCP) emphasizes active role microbes SOC storage by integrating continual transformation from labile to persistent anabolic forms. However, has not been evaluated with data. Here, we combine datasets, including necromass biomarker amino sugars SOC, two long‐term agricultural field studies...
Current biofuel feedstock crops such as corn lead to large environmental losses of N through nitrate leaching and N2O emissions; second-generation cellulosic have the potential reduce these losses. We measured cycling in establishing miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. fertilized with 56 kg ha−1 yr−1), mixed prairie, along a (Zea mays L.)–corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (corn at 168–202 ha−1). Nitrous oxide emissions, soil mineralization,...
Abstract Recent development of sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) technology is stimulating studies to remotely approximate canopy photosynthesis (measured as gross primary production, GPP). While multiple applications have advanced the empirical relationship between GPP and SIF, mechanistic understanding this still limited. GPP:SIF relationship, using standard light use efficiency framework, determined by absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) photosynthetic (LUE) yield...
Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from large-scale replicated EW field trial across typical maize-soybean rotation an experimental farm in the heart United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). show average combined loss major cations (Ca 2+ and Mg ) basalt...
The habitability of our planet depends on interlocking climate and biogeochemical systems. Living organisms have played key roles in the evolution these Now man is perturbing climate/biogeochemical systems at an unprecedented pace. In particular, global carbon cycle being forced directly by changes fluxes (e.g. fossil fuel burning deforestation/reforestation), indirectly through atmospheric chemistry stratospheric ozone depletion increases green house gases). Nutrient cycles are also...
A sound understanding of the sustainability terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration is critical for success any policies geared toward stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse concentrations. This includes Kyoto Protocol and/or other strategies implemented by individual countries. However, C sinks and pools has not been carefully studied with either empirical or theoretical approaches. study was intended to develop a conceptual framework define based on influx residence time (τ). The latter τ...
A hypothesis for progressive nitrogen limitation (PNL) proposes that net primary production (NPP) will decline through time in ecosystems subjected to a step-function increase atmospheric CO2. The mechanism driving this response is rapid rate of N immobilization by plants and microbes under elevated CO2 depletes soils N, causing slower rates mineralization. Under hypothesis, there little long-term stimulation NPP the absence exogenous inputs N. We tested using data on pools fluxes C tree...