A5049635826- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Magnetic Properties of Alloys
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits
Purdue University West Lafayette
2024-2025
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2017-2024
Johns Hopkins University
2022-2024
University of Baltimore
2023
Planetary Science Institute
2020
University of Michigan
2014-2017
California Institute of Technology
2015
Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields 10 kV m−1 to 100 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended in terrestrial atmosphere, some electrification has persist levels 5 km, as well volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles causes is incompletely understood, multiple processes are thought acting. A variation particle charge with size, effect gravitational separation explains to,...
The lunar dynamo ceased by 0.8 billion years ago.
A potential record of Earth's magnetic field going back 4.2 billion years (Ga) ago is carried by magnetite inclusions in zircon grains from the Jack Hills. This may be secondary nature, however, meaning that much younger than crystallization age. Here, we use atom probe tomography to show Pb-bearing nanoclusters magnetite-bearing Hills zircons formed during two discrete events at 3.4 and <2 Ga. The older population clusters contains no detectable Fe, whereas roughly half Fe bearing. result...
We provide indirect evidence for the formation of frost at surface Gale crater by analyzing highest confidence data from simultaneous measurements relative humidity and ground temperature during first 1000 sols Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. find that except sol 44, events could have occurred only between 400 710, corresponding to most humid coldest time year (from early fall late winter). In particular, Dingo Gap 529–535, an unnamed place 554–560, Kimberley 609–617 673–676 showed...
Abstract Gale Crater, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing site, contains a central mound, named Aeolis Mons (informally Mount Sharp) that preserves 5 km of sedimentary stratigraphy. Formation scenarios include (1) complete filling Crater followed by partial sediment removal or (2) building deposit with morphology controlled slope winds and only incomplete fill. Here we model temperature‐time paths for both scenarios, compare results analyses provided MSL Curiosity, provide...
The analysis of the surface energy budget (SEB) yields insights into soil-atmosphere interactions and local climates, while thermal inertia (I) shallow subsurfaces provides context for evaluating geological features. Mars orbital data have been used to determine inertias at horizontal scales ∼104 m2 ∼107 m2. Here we use measurements ground temperature atmospheric variables by Curiosity calculate Gale Crater ∼102 We analyze three sols representing distinct environmental conditions soil...
Understanding atmospheric escape over geological timescales is essential for constraining a planet's capacity to retain its atmosphere and sustain life. Earth&#8217;s has drastically changed in composition, with significant increase oxygen occurring during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) 2.45 Gyr ago. Atmospheric can be ionized energized by solar radiation plasma interactions involving wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, eventually leading into space either as neutral or an O+...
Paleomagnetic measurements of chondrules indicate the presence a substructure in solar nebula.
The evolution and lifetime of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) play a central role in the formation architecture planetary systems. Astronomical observations suggest that PPDs evolve two timescales, accreting onto star for up to several million years (Myr) followed by gas dissipation within <1 Myr. Because solar nebula magnetic fields are sustained disk, we can use paleomagnetic measurements infer nebula. Here, meteorites constrain this investigate whether had two-timescale evolution. We report...
Research Article| March 01, 2018 Secondary magnetic inclusions in detrital zircons from the Jack Hills, Western Australia, and implications for origin of geodynamo Benjamin P. Weiss; Weiss 1Department Earth, Atmospheric, Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA Search other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Roger R. Fu; Fu 2Department Earth Harvard University, 02138, Joshua F. Einsle; Einsle 3Department University Cambridge CB2 3EQ,...
Zircon crystals from the Jack Hills, Western Australia, are one of few surviving mineralogical records Earth's first 500 million years and have been proposed to contain a paleomagnetic record Hadean geodynamo. A prerequisite for preservation magnetization is presence primary magnetic inclusions within pristine igneous zircon. To date no images recorders ancient zircon presented. Here we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrate that all observed secondary features...
The time of origin the geodynamo has important implications for thermal evolution planetary interior and habitability early Earth. It been proposed that detrital zircon grains from Jack Hills, Western Australia, provide evidence an active as 4.2 billion years (Ga) ago. However, our combined paleomagnetic, geochemical, mineralogical studies on Hills zircons indicate most have poor magnetic recording properties secondary magnetization carriers postdate formation zircons. Therefore, existence...
Methanogenic archaea have been shown to reduce iron from ferric [Fe(III)] ferrous [Fe(II)] state, but minerals that form during reduction by different methanogens remain be characterized. Here, we show zerovalent (ZVI) minerals, ferrite [α-Fe(0)] and austenite [γ-Fe(0)], appear in the X-ray diffraction spectra minutes after addition of ferrihydrite cultures a methanogenic archaeon, Methanosarcina barkeri (M. barkeri). M. cells redox-active, nonenzymatic soluble organic compounds organic-rich...
Mineral dust aerosols are responsible for some of the largest sources uncertainties in our current understanding climate change. Here we show that a severe drought is having significant impact one mineral U.S., Owens Lake area California's southwest. Measurements aerosol concentration (PM2.5 particle matter) salty playa annual mean PM2.5 has been increasing steadily since beginning drought, with periods high from 4 months 2013 to 9 2015. Interestingly, usually increases abruptly less than...
Abstract Recent advances in magnetic microscopy have enabled studies of geological samples whose weak and spatially nonuniform magnetizations were previously inaccessible to standard magnetometry techniques. A quantity central importance is the net moment, which reflects mean direction intensity magnetization states numerous ferromagnetic crystals within a certain volume. The planar arrangement typical measurements, originates from measuring field immediately above polished surface sample...
The ability to measure partial pressures of oxygen below 100 microbars and nanomolar dissolved concentrations in situ laboratory systems benefits many fields including microbiology, geobiology, oceanography, chemistry, materials science. Here, we present an easily constructible open-source design for a networked luminescence lifetime measurement system measurements arbitrary containers. is well suited measuring the 0–100 μbar range, with maximum potentially usable upper range limit at around...
Abstract Primitive achondrites like the acapulcoites‐lodranites (AL) clan are meteorites that formed on bodies in process of forming a metallic core, providing unique window into how early solar system processes transformed unmelted material differentiated bodies. However, size and structure parent body ALs other primitive largely unknown. Paleomagnetism can establish presence or absence core by looking for evidence dynamo field. We conducted magnetic study Acapulco acapulcoite to determine...
Understanding atmospheric escape over geological timescales is essential to constrain the planet&#8217;s ability retain its atmosphere and thus sustain life. Atmospheric particles are energized through solar radiation plasma interactions between wind, Earth&#8217;s magnetosphere, ionosphere, escaping various mechanisms. For Earth, several missions provided measurements of oxygen rate. However, for current planetary conditions that strongly differ from past (e.g. stronger higher EUV...
Jupiter's moon Io is a highly compelling target for future exploration that offers critical insight into tidal dissipation processes and the geology of high heat flux worlds, including primitive planetary bodies, such as early Earth, are shaped by enhanced rates volcanism. also important understanding development volcanogenic atmospheres mass-exchange within Jupiter System. However, fundamental questions remain about state Io's interior, surface, atmosphere, well its role in evolution...
Abstract Speleothems are mineral deposits capable of recording detrital and/or chemical remanent magnetization at annual timescales. They can offer high‐resolution paleomagnetic records short‐term variations in Earth's magnetic field, crucial for understanding the evolution dynamo. Owing to limitations on moment sensitivity commercial cryogenic rock magnetometers (∼10 −11 Am 2 ), studies speleothems have been limited samples with volumes several hundreds mm 3 , averaging tens years...