We demonstrate a 1-year lagged extratropical response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observational analyses and climate models. The maps onto Arctic is strongest North Atlantic, where it resembles Atlantic (NAO). Unexpectedly, these teleconnections are at least as strong better-known simultaneous winter connections. However, oppositein sign such that 1 year later, Niño followed by positive NAO, whereas La Niña negative NAO. may also interfere with ENSO teleconnections. show...

Abstract Soil pH is strongly associated with soil biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Grazing exclusion (GE) has been widely adopted as an effective practice to restore degraded grasslands. However, the effect of GE on still poorly understood remains inconclusive. We synthesized data for 63 sites from peer‐reviewed literature 43 additional field investigated differences following grazing across China’s The mean all samples decreased by 0.13 units (mean 8.15 8.02...

Abstract. Sudden-stratospheric-warming (SSW) events are often followed by significant weather and climate impacts at the surface. By affecting North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), SSWs can lead to periods of extreme cold in parts Europe America. Previous studies have used observations free-running models try identify features atmosphere prior an SSW that determine subsequent impact However, limited observational record makes it difficult accurately quantify these relationships. Here, we instead...

Abstract Using a large ensemble of initialised retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) from seasonal prediction system, we explore various statistics relating to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Observations show that SSWs occur at similar frequency during both El Niño and La Niña northern hemisphere winters. This is contrary expectation, as the stronger polar vortex associated with years might be expected result in fewer these extreme breakdowns. Here this may have occurred by chance due...

Abstract This study investigated the extratropical circulation anomalies responsible for cold surges over South China Sea in winter. The surge events were identified by intensity of northerly winds 110°–117.5°E along 15°N at 925 hPa. Two distinct patterns sea level pressure (SLP) East Asia found to have a crucial role inducing Sea. Accordingly, classified into two types. first type is characterized pair SLP with positive and negative ones centered Japan, respectively, whereas second...

Abstract Cold surges occur frequently over the South China Sea (SCS) in winter, and most of them last only a few days. However, some cold surge events can persist longer, for instance, more than 5 This study focuses on these long-lived investigates associated extratropical circulation anomalies. The results indicate that surges, characterized as strong northerlies SCS, be triggered by successive high anomaly center East Asia. Accompanying this is an anomalously extensive quasi-stationary...

Whether the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) propagates into western Pacific or is blocked by Maritime Continent (MC) can have great impacts on global weather and climate. This study investigates extratropical circulations associated with MJO events that propagate across MC (MJO‐C) those (MJO‐B), respectively, during boreal winter. The results show there are significant northeasterly anomalies over South China Sea tropical North when MJO‐C through MC. much more likely to be accompanied cold...

Abstract This study investigates the influence of Scandinavian (SCA) pattern on long-lived cold surges over South China Sea (SCS). The results show that, different from short-lived ones, majority SCS are preceded by a negative phase quasi-stationary SCA in extratropics, which is characterized as primary cyclonic center Peninsula and two anticyclonic ones North Atlantic central Siberia. connection mainly conducted through continuous amplification high pressure anomalies East Asia. On other...

Abstract This study investigates the stratosphere-troposphere coupling associated with Scandinavian (SCA) pattern in boreal winter. The results indicate that SCA impacts stratospheric circulation but its positive and negative phases have different effects. phase of (SCA + ) is restricted to troposphere, − extends upper stratosphere. asymmetry between also visible lead-lag evolution stratosphere troposphere. Prominent anomalies are found be intensified following events, prior events. Further...

As having the imaging ability of area in front flight direction, forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has become a hot topic areas SAR research. Nevertheless, currently exploited algorithms suffer from poor azimuth resolution induced by limited length. To address this challenge, we develop super-resolving algorithm for based on compressive sensing theory. Firstly, spatial geometry and signal model is analyzed. After that, theory introduced to improve resolution. Imaging simulations...

Abstract This study investigates the interdecadal variation of Scandinavian (SCA) pattern and corresponding drivers during boreal winter. It is found that SCA experiences a prominent regime shift from its negative to positive phase in early 2000s based on several reanalyses. change contributes an extensive cooling over Siberia after 2000s, revealing importance for recent variations climate Eurasia. The outputs 35 coupled models within 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are also...

Annual rotary tillage can often create a compacted plough pan and shallow arable layer which hampers the high crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai region. A brand new farming method named Vertically Rotary Tillage was introduced to solve this problem. One short-term field experiment conducted explore effect of deep vertically on soil physical properties photosynthetic characteristics at flowering stage winter wheat. Two treatments were designed including subsoiling with 20 cm depth (SS20, CK) 30...

Using a large ensemble of initialised retrospective forecasts (hindcasts) from seasonal prediction system, we explore various statistics relating to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Observations show that SSWs occur at similar frequency during both El Niño and La Niña northern hemisphere winters. This is contrary expectation, as the stronger polar vortex associated with years might be expected result in fewer these extreme breakdowns. We this may have occurred by...

<title>Abstract</title> This study investigates the large-scale circulation anomalies induced by straight-moving tropical cyclones (TCs) over western North Pacific (WNP) during winter. Corresponding to TCs, quasi-stationary wave trains appear as alternative geopotential height in upper troposphere stretching from East Asia Pacific. Specifically, anomalous anticyclones are initially formed south of Japan and then lead subsequent Sea Okhotsk Gulf Alaska, respectively. The extend along an...

Abstract Plant pH is an emerging functional trait that plays important roles in physiological processes and nutrient cycling. However, how root varies among plant groups (PFGs) the regulatory factors on a large scale remain unclear. Therefore, we quantified variation of herbaceous plants four PFGs from 20 sites Tibetan Plateau along 1600 km transect explored correlations between different PFGs, climate soil conditions. The results showed was slightly acidic (6.46 ± 0.05). Grasses had highest...

Abstract This study indicates a significant variation of humidity on extreme heat (EH) days over South Korea and southern–central Japan during the period 1979–2018. EH is therefore classified into three categories: type-A wet EH, type-B dry EH. Their statistical characteristics formation mechanisms are investigated compared. Our results suggest that most destructive, with highest intensity, longest duration, broadest spatial scale covering midlatitude East Asia. By contrast, weaker, shorter,...

Abstract This study identifies that cold surges over the South China Sea (SCS) have experienced a significant change on decadal time scales. The results indicate occur more frequently after early 2000s than before and are at least partially explained by changes in circulation patterns. Both negative phase of Scandinavian (SCA) pattern interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) can induce increased IPO effect dominates recent decades. When shifts to its phase, low-level cyclones induced western...