A5049026298- Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
- Combustion and flame dynamics
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Plant Surface Properties and Treatments
- Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
- Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques
- Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
- Air Traffic Management and Optimization
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Technical Engine Diagnostics and Monitoring
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
- Historical Geography and Cartography
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Engine and Fuel Emissions
- Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
2014-2024
ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences
2019-2024
ETH Zurich
2014-2018
Brno University of Technology
2012
This study reports the first of a kind data on aircraft engine non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) number- and mass-based emissions using standardized systems. Two compliant sampling measurement systems operated by Missouri University Science Technology (Missouri S&T) Empa were evaluated during Aviation - Particle Regulatory Instrumentation Demonstration Experiment (A-PRIDE) 4 campaign at SR Technics facilities in Zürich, Switzerland, November 2012. The S&T compared series dedicated tests...
Aircraft engines emit particulate matter (PM) that affects the air quality in vicinity of airports and contributes to climate change. Nonvolatile PM (nvPM) emissions from aircraft turbine depend on fuel aromatic content, which varies globally by several percent. It is uncertain how this variability will affect future nvPM emission regulations inventories. Here, we present black carbon (BC) mass number indices (EIs) as a function content thrust for an in-production gas engine. The aromatics...
The microscopic characteristics of soot particulate matter (PM) in gas turbine exhaust are critical for an accurate assessment the potential impacts aviation industry on environment and human health. morphology internal structure particles emitted from a CFM 56-7B26/3 turbofan engine were analyzed electron study, down to nanoscale, ∼ 100%, 65%, 7% static thrust as proxy takeoff, cruising, taxiing, respectively. Sampling was performed directly transmission microscopy (TEM) grids with...
To obtain reliable mass concentrations of solid particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust emissions from engines using optical instruments, it is essential that PM used for instrument calibration has similar properties to emitted being tested. The combustion predominantly soot. soot are dictated by its chemical structure, size, and morphology. In this work, bond primary-particle diameters, aggregate sizes, morphological parameters two laboratory generators, widely calibrating compared those...
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Abstract Aircraft emissions contribute to local and global air pollution. Health effects of particulate matter (PM) from aircraft engines are largely unknown, since controlled cell exposures at relevant conditions challenging. We examined the toxicity non-volatile PM (nvPM) a CFM56-7B26 turbofan, world’s most used turbine using an unprecedented exposure setup. combined direct turbine-exhaust sampling under realistic engine operating Nano-Aerosol Chamber for In vitro Toxicity deposit...
Nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) emissions from aircraft turbine engines deteriorate air quality and contribute to climate change. These can be reduced using sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs). Here, we investigate the effects of a 32% SAF blend with fossil fuel on particle size distributions nvPM emission indices widely used turbofan engine. The experiments were conducted in test cell standardized sampling measurement system. geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased thrust ∼8 nm at idle...
Jet engines are important contributors to global CO
Aviation is a substantial and fast growing emissions source. Besides greenhouse gases, aircraft engines emit black carbon (BC), climate forcer air pollutant. BC have been regulated estimated through exhaust smoke visibility (smoke number). Their impacts are poorly understood because emission inventories lack representative data. Here, we measured mass number-based of the most popular airliner's according to new standard. We used calibrated engine performance model determine on ground, at...
Abstract. Aviation soot surrogates processed in contrails are believed to become potent ice nuclei at cirrus temperature. This is not verified for real aviation soot, that can have vastly different physico-chemical properties. Here, we sampled particles from in-use commercial aircraft engines and quantified the effect of contrail processing on their nucleation ability T < 228 K. We show becomes compacted upon but this does change contrast other types. The presence H2SO4 condensed pores,...
Concerns about civil aviation's air quality and environmental impacts have led to recent regulations on nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass number emissions. Although these do not mandate measuring particle size distribution (PSD), understanding PSDs is vital for assessing the of aviation nvPM. This study introduces a comprehensive data set detailing PSD characteristics 42 engines across 19 turbofan types, ranging from unregulated small business jets regulated large commercial...
A centrifugal particle mass analyzer and a modified differential mobility spectrometer were used to measure the of particulate matter emitted by CFM56-5B4/2P, CFM56-7B26/3, PW4000-100 gas turbine engine sources. The mass-mobility exponent from CFM56-5B4/2P ranged 2.68 2.82, whereas effective densities varied 600 , depending on static thrust sampling methodology used. CFM56-7B26/3 engines also fell within this range. sample was conditioned with or without catalytic stripper dilution, which...
Business aviation is a relatively small but steadily growing and little investigated emission source. Regarding emissions, aircraft turbine engines rated at below 26.7 kN thrust are certified only for visible smoke excluded from the nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) standard. Here, we report nvPM characteristics of widely used turbofan engine determined in ground test Dassault Falcon 900EX business jet. These first reported emissions in-production with standardized measurement system...
Abstract. Aircraft engines are a unique source of carbonaceous aerosols in the upper troposphere. There, these particles can more efficiently interact with solar radiation than at ground. Due to lack measurement data, radiative forcing from aircraft exhaust aerosol remains uncertain. To better estimate global effects aerosol, its optical properties need be comprehensively characterized. In this work we present link between chemical composition and particulate matter (PM) measured engine exit...
To reduce the adverse impact of civil aviation on local air quality and human health, a new international standard for non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) number mass emissions was recently adopted. A system loss correction method, which accounts significant size-dependent particle loss, is also detailed to predict nvPM representative those at engine exit inventory purposes. As Particle-Size-Distribution (PSD) measurement currently not prescribed, existing method uses measurements along...
Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles catalyze ice formation in clouds, affecting climate through radiative forcing from aerosol–cloud interactions. Aviation directly emits into the upper troposphere where conditions are favorable. Previous studies have used proxies of aviation soot to estimate their nucleation activity; however, investigations with commercial aircraft modern in-use engines not been quantified. In this work, we sample at ground level different test ability temperatures ≤228 K...
Abstract. Oxidative processing of aircraft turbine-engine exhausts was studied using a potential aerosol mass (PAM) chamber at different engine loads corresponding to typical flight operations. Measurements were conducted an test cell. Organic gases (OGs) and particle emissions pre- post-PAM measured. A suite instruments, including proton-transfer-reaction spectrometer (PTR-MS) for OGs, multigas analyzer CO, CO2, NOx, (AMS) nonrefractory particulate matter (NR-PM1) used. Total dominated by...
Health effects of particulate matter (PM) from aircraft engines have not been adequately studied since controlled laboratory studies reflecting realistic conditions regarding aerosols, target tissue, particle exposure and deposited dose are logistically challenging. Due to the important contributions engine emissions air pollution, we employed a unique experimental setup deposit exhaust particles directly an onto reconstituted human bronchial epithelia (HBE) at air-liquid interface under...
Abstract. Aviation soot surrogates processed in contrails are believed to become potent ice nuclei at cirrus temperatures. This is not verified for real aviation soot, which can have vastly different physico-chemical properties. Here, we sampled particles from in-use commercial aircraft engines and quantified the effect of contrail processing on their nucleation ability T< 228 K. We show that becomes compacted upon processing, but does change contrast other types. The presence H2SO4...
In the present work, global as well spatially resolved parameters of a spray produced by pressure-swirl atomizer are obtained. Small for aircraft combustion chambers was run on newly designed test bench with Jet A-1 kerosene type aviation fuel. The tested in four regimes based typical operation conditions engine. Spray characteristics were studied using two optical measurement systems, Particle Image velocimetry (PIV) and Phase-Doppler Analyzer (P/DPA). results obtained P/DPA include...