Does the neonate's brain have left hemisphere (LH) dominance for speech? Twelve full-term neonates participated in an optical topography study designed to assess whether neonate responds specifically linguistic stimuli. Participants were tested with normal infant-directed speech, same utterances played reverse and without auditory stimulation. We used a 24-channel device changes concentration of total hemoglobin response stimulation 12 areas right LH. found that LH temporal showed...

The effect of motor activity on the left fronto-central region human brain was analyzed spatially and temporally by using noninvasive near-infrared light (NIR) topography. changes in oxygenation states caused were measured intensity-modulated NIR spectroscopy at ten measurement positions head surface. subject randomly performed unilateral finger opposition for 30 s as stimulation. When contralateral (right) movement, significant increases both oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) total (total-Hb)...

Studies of young infants are critical to understand perceptual, motor, and cognitive processing in humans. However, brain mechanisms involved poorly understood, because the use brain-imaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging awake is difficult. In present study we show viewing visual stimuli by means multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy, a technique that permits measurement cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation response activation through intact skull without subject...

Abstract Considerable knowledge on neural development related to speech perception has been obtained by functional imaging studies using near‐infrared spectroscopy (optical topography). In particular, a pioneering study showed stronger left‐dominant activation in the temporal lobe for (normal) forward (FW) than (reversed) backward (BW) neonates. However, it is unclear whether this FW equally observed any language or clearer mother tongue. We hypothesized that maternal elicits foreign...

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care biomedical research.

We will briefly review the present status of optical topography and then discuss method improving practicality, i.e., signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio spatial resolution in observations higher-order brain functions. The optimum wavelength pair improved S/N sixfold for deoxyhemoglobin, new configurations light irradiation detection positions doubled resolution. also report on developing application fields topography. This modality bridge gap between natural sciences, neuroscience, pedagogy, show...

The precision of noninvasive optical measurement the concentration changes in oxy‐, deoxy‐, and total‐hemoglobin depends on wavelength. For estimating precision, we calculated noise level as uncertainty measurements using several wavelength pairs light. Seven laser diodes (664–848 nm) were used simultaneously for spectroscopic brain activity during finger motor stimulation. We also analysis error propagation from direct absorbance to estimate indirectly changes. made an 830/664‐nm pair are...

Neurocognitive research has the potential to identify relevant effects of music therapy. In this study, we examined effect mode (major vs. minor) on stress reduction using optical topography and an endocrinological marker. salivary cortisol levels, observed that stressful conditions such as mental fatigue (thinking creating a response) was reduced more by major than minor music. We suggest specifically induces emotional response similar pleasant experience or happiness. Moreover,...

Optical topography/functional near-infrared spectroscopy (OT/fNIRS) is a functional imaging technique that noninvasively measures cerebral hemoglobin concentration changes caused by neural activities. The fNIRS method has been extensively implemented to understand the brain activity in many applications, such as neurodisorder diagnosis and treatment, cognitive psychology, psychiatric status evaluation. To assist users analyzing data with various application purposes, we developed software...

Near infrared optical topography (OT) is the simultaneous acquisition of hemoglobin absorption from an array fibers on scalp to construct maps cortical activity. We demonstrate that OT can be used determine lateralization prefrontal areas a language task has been validated by functional MRI (fMRI). Studies were performed six subjects using visually presented task. Laterality was quantified relative number activated pixels in each hemisphere for fMRI, and total responses OT. All showed...

We investigate the intersubject signal variability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which is commonly used for noninvasive measurement product optical path length and concentration change in oxygenated hemoglobin (C) deoxygenated their sum related to human cortical activation. do this by measuring sensorimotor cortex activation 31 healthy adults using 24-measurement-position (NIR) topography. A finger-tapping task activate cortex, significant changes hemisphere contralateral tapping...

Near infrared spectroscopic topography (NIRS) is widely recognized as a noninvasive method to measure the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) dynamics coupled with neuronal activities. We analyzed rCBV change in early phase of epileptic seizures 12 consecutive patients medically intractable epilepsy. Seizure was induced by bemegride injection. used eight-channel NIRS nine cases and 24 channel three cases. In all cases, increased rapidly after seizure onset on focus side. The observed for...

Yuichi YamashitaAtsushi MakiYoshitoshi ItoHitachi Ltd.Central Research LaboratoryKokubunji, Tokyo 185, JapanE-mail: yu-yama@crl.hitachi.co.jpEiju WatanabeYoshiaki MayanagiTokyo Metropolitan Police HospitalDepartment of NeurosurgeryTokyo 102, JapanHideaki KoizumiHitachi JapanAbstract. We describe the functional topography human brain activitydue to motor stimulation by using near-infrared spectroscopy. Finger mo-tion each hand was used as stimulation, and activity in theleft fronto-central...

Optical topography (OT) relies on the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to provide noninvasively a spatial map of functional brain activity. OT has advantages over conventional fMRI in terms its simple approach measuring hemodynamic response, ability distinguish between changes oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin range human participants that can be readily investigated. We offer new software tool, optical signal analysis (fOSA), for analyzing spatially resolved signals provides statistical...

Optical topography (OT) based on near infrared spectroscopy is effective for measuring changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxygenated (deoxy-Hb) brain. It can be used to investigate brain functions subjects all ages because it noninvasive less constraining subjects. Conventional OT systems use optical fibers irradiate scalp detect light transmitted through tissue human head, but limit subject's head position, so some small have been developed without using...

Optical topography is a method for visualization of conical activity. Ways improving the spatial resolution topographical image with three arrangements optical fibres are discussed. A distribution sensitivity obtained from phantom experiment, and used to reconstruct images an activation area brain in each arrangement. The correlations between activated corresponding obtained, effective arrangement improved

We developed a multichannel reflectance measurement system that uses near-infrared measurements for topographic imaging inside biological tissue. In this system, nine incident and four detecting optical fibers are arranged alternately at square lattice points on the sample. Source light is optically demultiplexed with an fiber switch, connected to one of fibers. Reflected from sample received by each which photodiode. The photodiode outputs multiplexed. Sixteen combinations neighboring...