Abstract In Alzheimer's disease (AD), loss of cortical and hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity has been correlated with dementia severity duration, it forms the basis for current therapies. However, extent to which reductions in ChAT are associated early cognitive decline not well established. We quantified hippocampus four regions (superior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, anterior cingulate) 58 individuals diagnosed no impairment (NCI; n = 26; mean age 81.4...

Layer II of the entorhinal cortex contains cells origin for perforant path, plays a critical role in memory processing, and consistently degenerates end-stage Alzheimer's disease. The extent to which neuron loss layer is related mild cognitive impairment without dementia has not been extensively investigated. We analyzed 29 participants who came autopsy from our ongoing longitudinal study aging composed religious clergy (Religious Orders Study). All individuals underwent detailed clinical...

As part of a safety and tolerability study, 65-year-old man with Parkinson's disease (PD) received monthly intracerebroventricular injections glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). His parkinsonism continued to worsen following GDNF treatment. Side effects included nausea, loss appetite, tingling, L'hermitte's sign, intermittent hallucinations, depression, inappropriate sexual conduct. There was no evidence significant regeneration nigrostriatal neurons or intraparenchymal diffusion the...

We developed prediction rules to guide the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in two community-based cohort studies (the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory Aging Project). The were implemented without informant interviews, neuroimaging, blood work or routine case conferencing. Autopsies performed at death pathologic AD made with a modified version Consortium Establish Registry for Disease (CERAD) criteria. compared positive predictive value by standard practice clinic-based...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Cerebral infarctions are common in older persons but their relationship with dementia and cognitive function remains controversial. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants were 164 Catholic nuns, priests, brothers who underwent annual clinical evaluation brain autopsy at death. The authors quantified number volume of old cerebral on postmortem examination determined the association proximate to Analyses controlled for age, sex, education. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total...

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To test the hypothesis that APOE ε4 allele is associated with clinical manifestations of AD through an association pathologic hallmarks disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants were older Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers who agreed to annual neurologic neuropsychological evaluation for other common conditions brain autopsy at time death. There 77 persons without dementia 51 probable AD; 38 participants had one or more alleles. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In...

Abstract Abnormally phosphorylated tau accumulates as neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads in older persons with without Alzheimer's disease. The relationship between how they relate to cognitive function is unknown. This study investigated the lesions 31 participating Religious Orders Study, a prospective, longitudinal clinicopathological of aging All subjects underwent detailed neuropsychological performance testing within year death evidenced spectrum ranging from normal abilities...

Immunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was used to examine expression of these linked cholinergic markers in human basal forebrain, including cases with early stages Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous neurochemical studies have measured decreased ChAT activity terminal fields, but little change or even increased levels VAChT. To determine total neuron numbers nucleus basalis Meynert (nbM), stereologic methods were applied...

Recent studies indicate that there is a marked reduction in trkA–containing nucleus basalis neurons end–stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used unbiased stereological counting procedures to determine whether these changes extend individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) without dementia from cohort of people enrolled the Religious Orders Study. Thirty (average age 84.7 years) came autopsy. All were cognitively tested within 12 months death MMSE 24.2). Clinically, 9 had no (NCI),...

Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (Nurr1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is associated with induction dopaminergic (DA) phenotypes in developing and mature midbrain neurons. It well established that nigrostriatal function decreases age. Whether age-related deficits DA phenotypic markers are alterations Nurr1 expression unknown. The present study found virtually all tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons within young adult human substantia nigra were...

Central nervous system neoplasms with combined features of malignant glioma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (MG-PNET) are rare, poorly characterized, pose diagnostic as well treatment dilemmas. We studied 53 MG-PNETs in patients from 12 to 80 years age (median = 54 years). The PNET-like component consisted sharply demarcated hypercellular nodules evidence neuronal differentiation. Anaplasia, seen medulloblastomas, was noted 70%. Within the element, N-myc or c-myc gene amplifications were...

We report heretofore undescribed clinical and histological features of a patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who showed marked persistent motoric benefit from an adrenal medulla autograft for 18 months following grafting. The returned to the preoperative level disability prior his death 30 after implantation, longest survival date transplant. graft site was primarily necrotic large numbers macrophages were still present at time death. A few tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells...

Unbiased disector stereologic cell counting was applied to sections from the human substantia nigra that were immunostained by using a monoclonal antibody against dopamine transporter (DAT). This found penetrate full thickness of stained section. Quantification number DAT neurons performed in cases stratified into three age groups, young (ages 0–49 years), middle aged 50–69 and 70–85 years). The DAT-immunoreactive nigral normalized for each case constructing ratio DAT-containing total...

Several recent studies indicate that activity of cholinergic enzymes in the cortex people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) are preserved. We correlated levels hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) a

Recent conflicting reports have found both brain tumor hypercellularity and necrosis in regions of restricted diffusion on MRI-derived apparent coefficient (ADC) images. This study precisely compares ADC cell density voxel by using postmortem human whole samples. Patients with meningioma were evaluated to determine a normative distribution within benign fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2/hyperintensity surrounding tumor. was used calculate minimum threshold define ADC-FLAIR...

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Patients with recurrent glioblastoma often exhibit regions of diffusion restriction following the initiation bevacizumab therapy. Studies suggest that these represent either diffusion-restricted necrosis or hypercellular tumor. This study explored postmortem brain specimens and a population analysis overall survival to determine identity implications such lesions. <h3>MATERIALS METHODS:</h3> Postmortem examinations were performed on 6 patients progressively...

Glioblastoma remains the most common, malignant primary cancer of central nervous system with a low life expectancy and an overall survival less than 1.5 years. The treatment options are limited there is no cure. Moreover, almost all patients develop recurrent tumors, which typically more aggressive. Therapeutically resistant glioblastoma or stem-like cells (GSCs) hypothesized to cause this inevitable recurrence. Identifying prognostic biomarkers will potentially advance knowledge about...

Cancer is a complex disease; glioblastoma (GBM) no exception. Short survival, poor prognosis, and very limited treatment options make it imperative to unravel the disease pathophysiology. The critically important identification of proteins that mediate various cellular events during made possible with advancements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. objective our study identify characterize are differentially expressed GBM better understand their interactions functions lead...

Parkin and α-synuclein are two proteins that associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). is present in Lewy bodies axonal spheroids brains affected by PD, mutations parkin cause hereditary forms Parkinsonism. α-Synuclein a major component rare cases PD. We now show binds to α-synuclein, including conditions aggregation. complexes were observed BE-M17 cells under basal conditions, BE- M17 oxidative from control or PD donors. Double staining shows co-localize same...

We report a familial form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, associated with unique insert mutation the PRNP gene in an American family Ukrainian origin. Ten members exhibited early age at onset and longduration illnesses characterized primarily by personality changes, cognitive impairment, spasticity. The proband, presenting 42 years, fairly stable, nonprogressive course over 7 followed precipitous decline death eighth year. Other affected marked clinical heterogeneity. Each tested member had...

Primary pineal gland malignancies are uncommon and seldom have papillary architecture. We report a case of 22-year-old male patient who presented with progressive headache, horizontal nystagmus worsening diplopia. MRI the brain showed lesion in region. The was taken for resection which classified as tumor region (PTPR). Histologically, neoplasm cellular, characterized by eosinophilic cells indistinct borders, large pleomorphic nuclei, numerous apoptotic figures without necrosis or...