Abstract Seasonal changes in the environment, such as varying temperature, have potential to change functional relationship between ectothermic animals, insects, and their microbiomes. Our objectives were determine: (a) whether seasonal temperature shift composition of insect gut microbiome, (b) microbiome are concomitant with physiology host, including immune system response cold. We exposed laboratory populations spring field cricket, Gryllus veletis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), simulated...

An area of emerging importance is the role that diet can play in alleviating demands for ion uptake fish living a freshwater environment, by providing highly concentrated supply electrolytes. The availability ions from likely requires dissolution fluid phase chyme. However, distribution between and solid phases chyme has not been well-characterized fish, little known about effects location along gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or pH gradients found therein, on this distribution. Hence, ionic...

SUMMARY We investigated the potential acid–base and nitrogenous waste excretion challenges created by voluntary feeding in freshwater rainbow trout,with particular focus on possible occurrence of an alkaline tide (a metabolic alkalosis gastric HCl secretion during digestion). Plasma metabolites (glucose, urea ammonia) were measured at various time points before after to satiation (approximately 5% body mass meal dry commercial pellets), as was net flux ammonia titratable alkalinity water...

SUMMARY The temporal effects of feeding and digestion on chyme composition,specifically water solid content, net fluxes across the gastrointestinal tract, as well plasma parameters, were examined in freshwater rainbow trout. A single meal commercial dry pellets,incorporating ballotini beads inert reference markers, was employed. Plasma Na+ levels increased by 15–20% at 2 h post-feeding, where Cl– did not change. osmolality regulated despite an initial (775 mOsm) 2.8-fold higher than that...

We report data in this paper suggesting that fish irradiated to 0.5 Gy total body dose can release factors into the water signal other unexposed and cause induction of bystander effects expressed as increased cell death a reporter system. Radiation-induced effects, resulting appearance radiation damage or typical responses unirradiated cells tissues are now an established consequence exposure low doses ionizing radiation, however little work has been done vivo species than humans mice. In...

SUMMARY In order to study the physiological consequences of voluntary feeding in gastrointestinal tract a ureotelic marine elasmobranch, dogfish (fasted for 96 h) were sampled at various times up 360 h after consuming 5–6% ration teleost fish (hake) under natural conditions. Digestion and absorption completed between 120 post-feeding. The tissue masses different segments increased decreased markedly as chyme moved through, mainly because fluid engorgement rather than hyperplasia. fasted...

Marine teleosts generally secrete basic equivalents (HCO(3)(-)) and take up Na(+) Cl(-) in the intestine so as to promote absorption of H(2)O. However, neither integration these functions with feeding nor potential role gut ionoregulation acid-base balance freshwater have been well studied. The euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) is unusual lacking both an acid-secreting stomach a mechanism for uptake at gills freshwater. Responses satiation meal were evaluated freshwater-...

The role of the gastrointestinal tract in maintaining ionic homeostasis during digestion, as well relative contribution diet for providing electrolytes, has been generally overlooked many aquatic species. An experimental that contained an inert reference marker (lead-glass beads) was used to quantify net transport Na + , K and Cl − digestion absorption a single meal (3% ration) by freshwater rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Secretion into stomach peaked at 8 12 h following feeding rate...

Abstract The bystander effect occurs when cells which are not directly exposed to radiation, but receive signals from irradiated cells, respond as though they were irradiated. An X‐ray induced has been demonstrated in rainbow trout gills. Therefore, a proteomic comparison was made of gills treated and signals. 2‐D gel analysis revealed exposure increased the expression cancer related protein annexin II. changes associated with differed those direct radiation exposure. Expression...

During feeding, hagfish may immerse themselves in the body cavities of decaying carcasses, encountering high levels dissolved organic nutrients. We hypothesized that this feeding environment might promote nutrient acquisition by branchial and epidermal epithelia. The potential for Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, to absorb amino acids from across skin gill was thus investigated. l-alanine glycine were absorbed via specific transport pathways both surfaces, first such documentation direct...

Nickel (Ni) may be both a toxicant and micronutrient, but its essentiality to aquatic animals is not established. Interactions between branchial gastrointestinal routes of metal uptake are important for understanding regulation in animals. Adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were pre-exposed sublethal concentration waterborne Ni (7.43 µmol L−1) or control water (0.12 45 days, subsequently, dose radiolabeled (1.08 kg−1 wet wt) was infused into the stomach non-pre-exposed test whether...

SUMMARY The consequences of feeding and digestion on acid–base balance regulation in a marine teleost (seawater-acclimated steelhead trout; Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated by tracking changes blood pH [HCO3–], as well alterations net acid or base excretion to the water following feeding. Additionally role intestine during was with an vitro gut sac technique. Feeding did not affect plasma glucose urea concentrations, however, total ammonia rose feeding, peaking between 3 24 h ingestion...

Protein catabolism during digestion generates appreciable levels of ammonia in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) lumen. Amelioration by enterocyte, via enzymes such as glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and alanine aspartate aminotransferases (ALT; AST), is found teleost fish. Conservation these across bacterial phyla suggests that GIT microbiome could also contribute to detoxification providing supplemental activity. Hence, microbiome, enzyme activities, were...