Conventional ultrasound images are formed by delay-and-sum beamforming of the backscattered echoes received individual elements transducer aperture. Although beamformer is well suited for image formation, it corrupted speckle noise and challenged acoustic clutter phase aberration. We propose an alternative method imaging utilizing short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) echoes. Compared with matched B-mode images, SLSC demonstrate superior SNR contrast-to-noise ratio in simulated experimental...

We investigate the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for suppressing off-axis scattering in ultrasound channel data. Our implementation operates frequency domain via short-time Fourier transform. The inputs to DNN consisted separated real and imaginary components (i.e. in-phase quadrature components) observed across aperture array, at a single depth. Different were trained different frequencies. output had same structure as input combined complex data before an inverse transform was used...

A 2-D matrix ultrasound array is used to monitor acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) induced shear wave propagation in 3-D excised canine muscle. From a single acquisition, both the phase and group velocity can be calculated estimate speed (SWS) along across fibers, as well fiber orientation 3-D. The true found using radon transform on B-mode volumes of muscle was verify direction estimated from data. For simplified imaging case when ARFI push oriented perpendicular error estimating...

Acoustic clutter produced by off-axis and multipath scattering is known to cause image degradation, in some cases these sources may be the prime determinants of vivo quality. We have previously shown success addressing degradation modeling aperture domain signal from different clutter, then decomposing data using modeled sources. Our previous model had shortcomings including mismatch failure recover B-Mode speckle statistics. These are addressed here developing a better general...

In vivo ultrasonic imaging with transducer arrays suffers from image degradation resulting beamforming limitations, including diffraction-limited and caused by tissue inhomogeneity. Additionally, based on recent studies, multipath scattering also causes significant degradation. To reduce both sources, we propose a model-based signal decomposition scheme. The proposed algorithm identifies spatial frequency signatures to decompose received wavefronts into their most sources. Scattering sources...

Robust transcranial ultrasound imaging is difficult due to poor image quality. In particular, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limits sensitivity blood flow and has hindered clinical translation of functional neuroimaging thus far. this work, we present a coded excitation framework increase SNR in without negatively impacting frame rate or We applied phantom showed gains as large 24.78 dB signal-to-clutter high 10.66 with 65 bit code. also analyzed how sequence parameters can impact quality...

It has been demonstrated that short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) ultrasound imaging can provide improved speckle SNR and lesion CNR compared with conventional Bmode images, especially in the presence of noise clutter. Application van Cittert-Zernike theorem predicts among echoes received across an array is reduced significantly away from transmit focal depth, leading to a limited axial depth field SLSC images. Transmit focus throughout view be achieved using synthetic aperture methods...

The widespread development of new ultrasound image formation techniques has created a need for standardized methodology comparing the resulting images. Traditional methods evaluation use quantitative metrics to assess imaging performance in specific tasks, such as point resolution or lesion detection. Quantitative is complicated by unconventional and nonlinear transformations dynamic range data Transformation-independent have been proposed quantifying task performance. However, clinical...

The effectiveness of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is compromised by involuntary motion (e.g. respiration, cardiac activity). feasibility processing ultrasound echo data to automatically estimate 3D liver for real-time IMRT guidance was previously demonstrated, but performance limited an acquisition speed 2 volumes per second due hardware restrictions a mechanical linear array probe. Utilizing 2D matrix probe with parallel receive beamforming offered increased speeds and...

A system capable of tracking radiation-force-induced shear wave propagation in a 3-D volume using ultrasound is presented. In contrast to existing systems, which use 1-D array transducers, 2-D matrix used for displacements. separate single-element transducer radiation force excitation. This allows all directions away from the push be observed. It shown that limit 64 beams, by placing beams at edges measurement region interest (ROI) multiple push, time-of- flight (TOF) speed (SWS) uncertainty...

Ultrasonic displacement estimates have numerous clinical uses, including blood flow estimation, elastography, therapeutic guidance, and acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI). These tasks could be improved with better ultrasonic estimates. Traditional are limited by the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The CRLB can surpassed using biased In this paper, a framework for estimation Bayes' theorem is described. Bayesian method tested against simulations of several common types motion: bulk, step,...

Recent studies reveal that both phase aberration and reverberation play a major role in degrading ultrasound image quality. We previously developed an algorithm for suppressing clutter, but we have not yet tested it the context of aberrated wavefronts. In this paper, evaluate our reported algorithm, called aperture domain model reconstruction (ADMIRE), presence multipath scattering aberration. use simulations to investigate corruption correction reverberation. As part observed ADMIRE leads...

Conventional Doppler ultrasound is useful for visualizing fast blood flow in large resolvable vessels. However, frame rate and tissue clutter caused by movement of the patient or sonographer make slow with difficult. Patient motion causes spectral broadening signal, which limits ultrasound's sensitivity to velocities greater than 5-10 mm/s typical clinical imaging frequencies. To address this, we propose a filtering technique that may increase measurements at least as low 0.52 mm/s. The...

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a recently developed all-range foundation model for image segmentation. It can use sparse manual prompts such as bounding boxes to generate pixel-level segmentation in natural images but struggles medical low-contrast, noisy ultrasound images. We propose refined test-phase prompt augmentation technique designed improve SAM's performance method couples multi-box and an aleatoric uncertainty-based false-negative (FN) false-positive (FP) correction (FNPC)...

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is being utilized to investigate mechanical properties of cardiac tissue. The underlying physiological motion, however, presents a major challenge. This paper aims the effectiveness various motion filters using in vivo canine data with simulated ARFI push pulse. Ideally, filter will exactly model and, when subtracted from total displacement, leave only displacement profile. We investigated three temporal quadratic filters: (1) interpolation,...

The generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) is a new but increasingly popular metric for measuring lesion detectability due to its use of probability distribution functions that increase robustness against transformations and dynamic range alterations. value these kinds metrics has become important as it becomes clear traditional can be arbitrarily boosted with advanced beamforming or the right postprocessing. gCNR works well most cases; however, we will demonstrate some specific cases...

Accurate and precise displacement estimation has been a hallmark of clinical ultrasound. Displacement accuracy largely considered to be limited by the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). However, CRLB only describes minimum variance obtainable from unbiased estimators. Unbiased estimators are generally implemented using Bayes' theorem, which requires likelihood function. The classic function for problem is not discriminative difficult implement clinically relevant ultrasound with diffuse...

This paper investigates practical considerations of training ultrasound deep neural network (DNN) beamformers. First, we studied DNNs using the combination multiple point target responses instead single responses. Next, demonstrated effect different hyperparameter settings on image quality for simulated scans. study also showed that DNN beamforming was robust to electronic noise. mean squared error validation loss not a good predictor simulation, phantom, and in vivo As an alternative...

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a valuable factorization technique used in clutter rejection filtering for power Doppler imaging. Conventionally, SVD applied to Casorati matrix of radio frequency data, which enables based on spatial or temporal characteristics. In this article, we propose method that uses higher order (HOSVD) tensor aperture e.g., delayed channel data. We discuss temporal, spatial, and domain features can be leveraged demonstrate multidimensional approach improves...

Accurate sound speed estimates are desirable in a number of fields. In an effort to increase the spatial resolution estimates, new method is proposed for direct measurement between arbitrary locations. The uses estimator developed by Anderson and Trahey. Their least squares fit received waveform's curvature provides estimate wave's point origin. origin delay profile calculated from used arrive at spatially registered virtual detector. Between pair detectors, spherical wave propagated. By...

We study training deep neural network (DNN) frequency-domain beamformers using simulated and phantom anechoic cysts compare to with point target responses. Using simulation, physical phantom, in vivo scans, we find that DNN provided comparable or improved image quality compared targets. The proposed method could also be adapted generate data from scans. Finally, evaluated the robustness of beamforming common sources degradation, including gross sound speed errors, phase aberration,...

Radiation-force-based elasticity imaging describes a group of techniques that use acoustic radiation force (ARF) to displace tissue obtain qualitative or quantitative measurements properties. Because ARF-induced displacements are on the order micrometers, tracking these in vivo can be challenging. Previously, it has been shown Bayesian-based estimation overcome some limitations traditional displacement estimator such as normalized cross-correlation (NCC). In this work, we describe Bayesian...

Cardiac motion has been tracked using various methods, which vary in their invasiveness and dimensionality. One such noninvasive modality for cardiac tracking is ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound demonstrated detected data at low volume rates. However, the effects of rate, kernel size, type (raw detected) have not sufficiently explored. First comparisons are made within stated variables 3-D speckle tracking. Volumetric were obtained a raw, baseband format matrix array attached to high...