In recent years there has been increased interest in developing a safer and more efficient railway system, as the demonstrated potential to become most sustainable mode of transport. Europe, significant investments have made order increase speed both passenger freight vehicles, but good efficiency transport can be achieved only if it is possible ensure high level safety reliability. These requirements by adopting onboard diagnostic systems vehicle improve strategies for scheduled corrective...

Electrostatic actuated microbeams are frequently encountered in micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The behaviour of these devices is characterized by electromechanical coupling, due to the mutual interaction between electrostatic field and deflection structure. Besides non-linearity geometrical non-linearities microstructure's large deflections can sometimes arise. In this work, a new FEM method based on sequential field-coupling (SFC) approach proposed, which loads gradually applied...

The present work aims to better understand the phenomenon of adhesion under degraded conditions during railway braking maneuvers with aim optimizing anti-slip algorithms in order reduce damage profiles wheels and rails minimize distance. proposed approach is based on analysis experimental data acquired tests carried out track, considering different types vehicles contaminants, able reproduce typical occurring normal operation. describes a numerical model that allows evaluate dynamics vehicle...

Objectives. To standardize digital rectal examination (DRE) and set how it correlates with the comprehensive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods. After scaled standardization DRE based on fingertips graphical schema: 10 cubic centimeters—cc for each fingertip prostate surface area DRE, four randomly selected senior medical students examined 48 male patients presenting LUTS in an outpatient clinical setting, totaling 12 each. Standardized international symptom score...

Railway vehicles adopt mechatronic devices to maximize the traction/braking effort. These systems often use complex algorithms that require long experimental validation tests on track. The possibility perform same a roller-rig gives opportunity simplify activity, under safe conditions, and reduce costs. main challenge is be able reproduce adhesion conditions with respect track, especially in degraded conditions. First, paper shows experiments performed conventional for single wheelset. Then,...

Rail freight transport plays a key role in reducing polluting emissions, so major efforts are underway to strengthen the sector. However, this requires an improvement performance of vehicles, and their more efficient use, with increase axle-load speed. In relation these aspects it is important safety railway transport, by improving maintenance system at same time vehicle's impact on line, which can be achieved both technical characteristics vehicles geometric irregularities track. The...

Determination of contact forces exchanged between wheel and rail is one the most important topics in railway dynamics. Recent studies are oriented to improve existing methods terms computational efficiency on side other develop more complex precise representation problem. This work shows some new results code developed at Politecnico di Torino identified as RTCONTACT; this code, which an improvement CONPOL algorithm, result long term activities, early versions were used conjunction with MBS...

<b>Purpose</b> After a successful pyeloplasty at 3 to 6 months, the question remains whether children need long follow-up. <b>Methods</b> The medical charts of patients with long-term follow-up (> 5 years), who underwent dismembered for uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) from May 1998 2007, excluding those bilateral UPJO, solitary kidney, associated vesicoureteral reflux or other abnormalities, and inconclusive renogram due poor renal function, were retrospectively reviewed....

This paper addresses the comparison of dynamic behavior a wheelset on roller and rails. The development equations kinematics motion allow to put in evidence intrinsic differences between rail roller. stylized conical profile approximation wheel allows focus attention creepages definition contact point shift due curvature. treatise is addressed full scale can be extended case scaled rig applied test bench developed for experimental analysis. In present numerical simulation examples are used...

OBJECTIVE: To verify and compare the results of behavioral modification plus pelvic floor muscle training modifications oxybutynin chloride in children with nonmonosymptomatic enuresis. METHODS: A total 47 were randomized using opaque sealed envelopes sequentially numbered. Group I was composed 21 who underwent antimuscarinic treatment (oxybutynin), II 26 patients training. Both groups instructed as to modifications. RESULTS: The voiding diary compared each month between Groups II. In first...

The evaluation of the longitudinal forces exchanged between wagons composing a long train is very complex due to large number d.o.fs be considered and non linearities introduced by coupling elements. most common approach simulate trains use simplified wagon models realized considering only d.o.f. In this way used for full vehicle model equal or little greater than connected cars. efficiency approach, in calculating during traction braking operations, has been demonstrated several authors...

This paper reports the introduction of a contact model on multibody codes to simulate both wheel/rail and wheel/roller for independent wheel railway vehicle. The has been developed through external subroutines (used develop friction determination creepages) using standard element MBS code define cinematic constraints wheel). can be introduced in general vehicle with no limitations: each “contact element” so defined applied between two bodies one representing wheel, other rail or roller. It...