This paper proposes a novel CMOS bandgap reference (BGR) with high-order curvature-compensation by using MOS transistors operating in weak inversion region. The mechanism of the proposed technique is analyzed thoroughly and corresponding BGR circuit was implemented standard 0.18 μm technology. experimental results show that achieves 4.5 ppm/°C over temperature range -40°C to 120°C at 1.2 V supply voltage. It consumes only 36 μA. In addition, it line regulation performance 0.054%/V. suitable...

Recently, with the explosive increase of automobiles in cities, parking problems are serious and even worsen many cities. This paper proposes a street system (SPS) based on wireless sensor networks. The can monitor state every space by deploying magnetic node space. For accurately detecting car, vehicle detection algorithm is proposed. And an adaptive sampling mechanism used to reduce energy consumption. Eighty-two nodes deployed spaces evaluate performance SPS. By running for more than one...

Vehicle detections are an important research field and attract many researchers. Most efforts have been focused on vehicle parking detection (VPD) in indoor lot. For on-street parking, strong noise disturbances affect accuracy. To deal with environment, we propose two algorithms based a cross-correlation technique wireless magnetic sensor networks. One is for VPD, the other one speed estimation (VSE). The proposed VPD algorithm combines state-machine detection. In VSE, calculation of...

Recently, significant research efforts have been focused on vehicle parking detection due to fuel consumption and traffic congestion. Many solutions successfully applied in indoor lots. However, the strong noise disturbance outdoor environment, accuracy for on-street is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose method by use of normalized cross-correlation (NCC) magnetic signals generated magnetoresistive sensors. proposed method, sensed signal correlated with reference. If result...

Localization is one of the crucial issues in wireless sensor networks. In range-based mechanisms, nodes obtain pairwise distances or angles with extra hardware for high localization accuracy. On other hand, range-free schemes lower accuracy at low cost. To improve location accuracy, we present a three dimensional scheme by using mobile anchor node equipped GPS. The carried an aero plane flies over area and broadcasts its current position periodically. A computes own where maximum RSSI...

Congestion in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can cause missing packets, low energy efficiency, and long delay. Moreover, some applications, e.g. multimedia image, need to transmit large volumes of data concurrently from several sensors. These applications have different delay QoS requirements. problem is more urgent such applications. To address this challenge, we propose an efficient congestion control scheme for sensor networks, called ECODA (Enhanced detection avoidance) which comprises...

Recently, with the explosive increase of automobiles in China, people park their cars on streets without following rules and police has hard time to conduct law enforcement introducing effective street parking system. To solve problem, we propose a SPS (street system) based wireless sensor networks. For accurately detecting car, algorithm state machine is also proposed. As vehicle detection absolutely critical, use Honeywell 3-axis magnetic detect vehicle. However, may be affected by...

In this paper, the accuracy of location estimation ad hoc deployed sensor nodes for a wireless network in presence noisy environment and obstacle is discussed. Considering accuracy, energy efficiency, range independency, we propose localization scheme using mobile anchor node equipped with directional antenna based on geometry technique, called LSWD: Localization Scheme Wireless Sensor Networks Directional Antenna, make use concentrates particularly direction high gain narrow covering area....

A novel RSSI-based localization algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The distributed range-free scheme implemented by a mobile anchor node equipped with GPS. moves in area and broadcasts its current position periodically. stationary computes location using two positions of the node. After first round done, un-located nodes can compute their locations help localized nodes. Our simulated Opnet10.0. Simulation results show that our outperforms other algorithms

A high-accurate parking detection method for wireless magnetic sensor networks is proposed in this paper, which based on the combination of finite-state machine and collaborative decision-making. The disturbance induced by a vehicle can be sensed processed to obtain availability space sensor. However, main challenge lies difficulty eliminating interferences from adjacent vehicles that decrease accuracy. include moving roads spaces. For simplicity low-energy consumption, multi-interim (MiFSM)...

A novel digital watermarking embedding and detecting algorithm for image is presented, which uses the chirp signal as a watermark embeds in fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) domain of image, position order are used encryption keys. With help property impulse characteristic FRFT signal, can be detected conveniently. The experiments results have show that proposed not only good imperceptibility security very robust to JPEG compression noise attacks, but also provide protection under cropping...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a large ad hoc of distributed sensors that equipped with low power supply modules. Location information is basic requirement for many WSNs applications. Because localization accuracy sufficient network applications, range free schemes based on RSSI technique being pursed as cost effective and convenient alternative. In this paper, technique, we present novel collaborative algorithm wireless using group mobile anchor nodes (GMAN). A node estimates its...

This work compares the performance of cluster-based and tree-based routing protocols. Two kinds operations are considered: aggregation acquisition. We theoretically analyze topologies, find that topology is more energy efficient for than topology; but in case acquisition, topology. In addition, simulations between HEED MintRoute protocols verify above analysis results. can be used to guide design application-specific selection.

In this paper, we present an improved localization algorithm for wireless sensor network using a mobile anchor node which is equipped with GPS receiver to obtain its position. The moves around in area broadcast beacon messages include location information. Each stationary takes the position as point and calculates by computing intersection of communication coverage. After first round localization, un-localized nodes can compute their locations help localized nodes. Simulation results show...

Large-scale wireless sensor networks have been used for a wide range of applications, one the most important issues in these applications is how to improve network lifetime node powered by battery. In this paper, we propose novel data collection algorithm using compressive sensing. The energy consumption analyzed theoretically. Our approach offers accurate recovery from small number compressed data. Its performance evaluated Tiny OS. Simulation results show that our can effectively prolong...

Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are increasingly being deployed for surveillance and monitoring applications. WMSNs applications produce large amount of data, which require high transmission rates. An efficient seamless delivery services in is still a challenging task. This article proposes an intelligent video platform (IVSP) wireless networks. IVSP presents the design networked system joint rate control error over resource-constrained embedded devices. First, combination two...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are vulnerable to various attacks since they distributed in unattended environments and have limited energy, storage computation abilities. Preventive approaches can be applied protect WSNs from some kinds of attacks. However, preventive methods not efficient on specific So it is necessary develop mechanisms for intrusion detection. Intrusion detection system (IDS) only prevents adversaries attacking the network, but also provides attackspsila features...

Directional antenna offers various benefits for wireless sensor networks, such as increased spatial reuse ratio and reduced energy consumption. Numerous localization schemes using anchor nodes equipped with omni-directional to transmit beacon information have been proposed. However, the radiated RF signal from an is easier be interfered by wide range of environment noise, which leads greater error. In this paper, we tackle problems in estimating location randomly deployed low gain antennas....

Based on finite element analysis, we propose a simulation model for radio frequency identification (RFID) SAW tag devices. Electric properties of metal electrode substrate greatly affect the characteristics device and are discussed in paper. Then right left boundary conditions applied to remove large unwanted waves generated by wave propagation near boundaries. To save computation time, 2-D is proposed, where some mesh skills applied. The simulated 2 steps. First, use modal analysis get...

This paper describes a face detection framework that is capable of processing image or video fast while achieving high rate. There are three key constructions. First, the database MIT adopted and examples used to train linear classifier, which based on Haar-like features. Secondly, in order make system efficiently we utilize Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Thirdly, considering false rate when only use features, take edge contour as compensation. Because part human body, face-like does...

Two-way cooperative communications are considered to improve the throughput of conventional one-way communications. For fast Rayleigh fading channels, we propose optimal and suboptimal non-coherent detectors for on-off keying (OOK) frequency-shift (FSK) modulated two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) in this paper. In proposed system, relaying node combines received signals from two nodes, amplifies them retransmits conjugate combined amplified above-mentioned nodes. At receivers detection is...

Power analysis attack has been widely used against cryptographic devices such as smart cards. Compared to the origin differential power (DPA) attack, later developed correlation (CPA) is advantageous due its robustness and efficiency. However, existing CPA models are defective in principle they either based on a model using Hamming weight or simplified distance, both much deviated from CMOS circuit consumption theory. This paper presents an improved probability distribution of distance. The...

In wireless sensor networks, localization plays a critical role in many applications. Many algorithms, including range-based and range-free approaches, have been proposed to calculate the positions of randomly deployed nodes. some applications, nodes are constantly moving. The current algorithms do not address such mobile networks (MWSN). this paper we propose novel algorithm for MWSN. simulation shows that our can achieve high accuracy.

Energy efficiency is one of the most important considerations in wireless sensor networks. In a clustered network, some nodes become cluster heads. They aggregate data from their members and transmit it to base station. this paper, we propose uniformly distributed adaptive clustering hierarchy routing protocol (UDACH). Unlike LEACH LEACH-C, our based on energy equilibrium instead choosing heads randomly. We divide into three stages: construction, building head tree, sending data....