All Together Now In the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum , periodic synthesis and release of cyclic AMP (cAMP) guides cellular aggregation required to form fruiting bodies. It has been unclear whether initiation this behavior is owing synchronization autonomously oscillating cells or individual remain nonoscillatory unless entire population becomes oscillatory. Gregor et al. (p. 1021 published online 22 April; see Perspective by Prindle Hasty ) used live-cell imaging show that cAMP...

In both randomly moving Dictyostelium and mammalian cells, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate F-actin are known to propagate as waves at the membrane act push out protruding edge. To date, however, relationship between wave geometry patterns of amoeboid shape change remains elusive. Here, by using phase map analysis, we show that morphology dynamics discoideum cells can be characterized number, topology, position spatial singularities, i.e., points represent organizing centers...

Abstract How spatial and temporal information are integrated to determine the direction of cell migration remains poorly understood. Here, by precise microfluidics emulation dynamic chemoattractant waves, we demonstrate that, in Dictyostelium , directional movement as well activation small guanosine triphosphatase Ras at leading edge is suppressed when concentration decreasing over time. This ‘rectification’ sensing occurs only an intermediate range wave speed does not require...

Tardigrades are able to tolerate almost complete dehydration by entering a reversible ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis and resume their animation upon rehydration. Dehydrated tardigrades exceptionally stable withstand various physical extremes. Although trehalose late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins have been extensively studied as potent protectants against in other anhydrobiotic organisms, produce high amounts of tardigrade-unique protective proteins. Cytoplasmic-abundant...

Significance Migration of cells as a group is pivotal to the making various tissues in developing embryos; however, their complexity hinders one from identifying exact rules. We exploited relatively simple and conditional multicellularity social amoeba Dictyostelium analyze tissue patterning bottom up by navigation rules at individual cell level. uncovered guidance mechanism directed cell–cell contact which gives rise collective migration competes with diffusive attractant molecules....

Temperate bacteriophage parasitize their host by integrating into the genome where they provide additional genetic information that confers higher fitness on bacterium protecting it against invasion other bacteriophage, increasing serum resistance, and coding for toxins adhesion factors help parasitized invade or evade its host. Here we ask if a temperate phage can also regulate genes. We find several different functions are down-regulated in lysogens. The pckA gene, required gluconeogenesis...

The control of a spacecraft hovering over uniformly rotating asteroid is analyzed. This work builds on the previous analysis open-loop stability trajectories (Scheeres 1999) by considering effect closed-loop strategies overall trajectory. We characterize ability one-dimensional altimetry measurements to stabilize and find some ideal methodologies that can yield stable trajectories. These ideas are developed initially for case spherical then applied ellipsoid model Castalia (Hudson Ostro...

Significance Recent works have hinted at an ability of cells to respond in the exact same manner a fold change input stimulus. The property is thought allow function properly regardless changes absolute concentrations signaling molecules. Despite its general importance, however, evidence has remained scarce. present work demonstrated that, social amoeba Dictyostelium , response cell–cell communication molecules fold-change dependent and that this tightly linked condition allows them...

Abstract Actomyosin contractility generated cooperatively by nonmuscle myosin II and actin filaments plays essential roles in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell motility, cytokinesis, tissue morphogenesis. However, subcellular dynamics actomyosin underlying processes remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate an optogenetic method to induce relaxation at the level. The system, named OptoMYPT, combines protein phosphatase 1c (PP1c)-binding domain MYPT1 with dimerizer, so that it...

HISAKI (SPRINT-A) satellite is an earth-orbiting Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) spectroscopic mission and launched on 14 Sep. 2013 by the launch vehicle Epsilon-1. ultraviolet spectroscope (EXCEED) onboard will investigate plasma dynamics in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere atmospheric escape from Venus Mars. EUV spectroscopy useful to measure electron density temperature ion composition environment. EXCEED also has advantage spatial distribution of plasmas around planets. To radial Jovian emissions...

Glucose metabolism is a key factor characterizing the cellular state during multicellular development. In metazoans, metabolic of undifferentiated cells correlates with growth/differentiation transition and cell fate determination. Notably, Amoebozoa species Dictyostelium discoideum biased by presence glucose also correlated early differences in intracellular ATP. However, relationship between cell–cell heterogeneity, differentiation, unclear. To address link differentiation D. , we studied...

Abstract We demonstrate a time-lapse video approach that allows rapid examination of the spatio-temporal dynamics Dictyostelium cell populations. Quantitative information was gathered by sampling life histories more than 2,000 mutant clones from large mutagenesis collection. Approximately 4% clonal lines showed phenotype at one stage. Many these could be ordered clustering into functional groups. The dataset to search and retrieve movies on gene-by-gene phenotype-by-phenotype basis.

Migratory cells, like mammalian leukocytes and Dictyostelium, utilize G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling to regulate MAPK/ERK, PI3K, TORC2/AKT, adenylyl cyclase, actin polymerization, which collectively direct chemotaxis. Upon ligand binding, GPCRs are phosphorylated at cytoplasmic residues, uncoupling pathways, but activating others. Still, connections between GPCR phosphorylation chemotaxis unclear. In developing secreted cAMP serves as a chemoattractant, with extracellular...

Navigation of fast migrating cells such as amoeba Dictyostelium and immune are tightly associated with their morphologies that range from steady polarized forms support high directionality to those more complex variable when making frequent turns. Model simulations essential for quantitative understanding these features origins, however systematic comparisons real data underdeveloped. Here, by employing deep-learning-based feature extraction combined phase-field modeling framework, we show a...

Populations of cells often switch states as a group to cope with environmental changes such nutrient availability and cell density. Although the gene circuits that underlie switches are well understood at level single cells, ways in which work concert among many support group-level not fully explored. Experimental studies microbial quorum sensing show cellular occur either graded or an all-or-none fashion. Here, we through numerical simulations mathematical analysis these behaviors generally...

Studies of chemotactic cell migration rely heavily on various assay systems designed to evaluate the ability cells move in response attractant molecules. In particular, development microfluidics-based devices recent years has made it possible spatially distribute molecules graded profiles that are sufficiently stable and precise test theoretical predictions regarding accuracy efficiency chemotaxis underlying mechanism stimulus perception. However, because gradient is fixed a direction...

Macropinocytosis refers to the non-specific uptake of extracellular fluid, which plays ubiquitous roles in cell growth, immune surveillance, and virus entry. Despite its widespread occurrence, it remains unclear how initial cup-shaped plasma membrane extensions form without any external solid support, as opposed process particle during phagocytosis. Here, by developing a computational framework that describes coupling between bistable reaction-diffusion processes active signaling patches...

Marine invertebrate larvae are known to begin metamorphosis in response environmentally derived cues. However, little is about the relationships between perception of such cues and internal signalling for metamorphosis. To elucidate mechanism underlying initiation ascidian, Ciona intestinalis type A (Ciona robusta), we artificially induced ascidian investigated Ca2+ dynamics from pre- post-metamorphosis. transients were observed consisted two temporally distinct phases with different...

In fast-moving cells such as amoeba and immune cells, dendritic actin filaments are spatiotemporally regulated to shape large-scale plasma membrane protrusions. Despite their importance in migration, well particle liquid ingestion, how dynamics affected by micrometer-scale features of the contact surface is still poorly understood. Here, through quantitative image analysis Dictyostelium on microfabricated surfaces, we show that there a distinct mode topographical guidance directed...

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA) in collaboration with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) has developed fuel gas tanks for reaction control system orbital satellites; A tank is fabricated through welding two thin, hemi-spherical or conical parts, which are by superplastic blow forming. Mass-productivity not an important factor but the forming precision flexibiliry process this application. ISAS MHI, therefore, a new blow-forming technique, high flexibility terms size...