This review highlights four themes emerging from the work and family literature of 1990s. The first theme evolves historical legacy maternal employment with its focus on children's well‐being. second theme, socialization, is based premise that occupational conditions, such as autonomy complexity, shape values workers who in turn generalize these lessons off job. Research stress, third explores how experiences short‐ long‐term stress at make their mark workers' behavior well‐being Finally,...

Abstract In the second decade of 21st century, research on work and family from multiple disciplines flourished. The goal this review is to capture scope work–family literature highlight both valuable advances problematic omissions. synthesizing literature, authors show that numerous scholars conducted studies refined theories addressed gender, but far fewer examined racial class heterogeneity. They argue examining heterogeneity changes understanding relations. After briefly introducing...

L'etude a pour but de montrer que le controle parental peut constituer une explication des problemes scolaires (performance et conduites) garcons dont la mere travaille.

This article examines how the work hours, schedules, and role overload of working-class couples are related to depressive symptoms relationship conflict across transition parenthood. Data from 132 dual-earner interviewed 5 times transition. Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that working evening or night shifts, as opposed day was higher levels symptoms. For mothers only, rotating shifts predicted conflict. Increases in were positively both depression conflict; a nonday shift explained...

This study examines changes in leisure patterns across the transition to parenthood for dual‐earner, working‐class couples, as well relationship between and marital quality. To this end, 147 heterosexual couples were interviewed parenthood. Findings indicate that during parenthood, husbands wives experience an initial decline leisure, followed by a gradual incline after wife’s return work. Overall, who reported more shared prenatally also love less conflict 1 year later. Husbands with...

In this study, the authors examined relationship between sense of control and depressive anxious symptoms for mothers fathers during 1st year parenthood.Participants were 153 dual-earner, working-class couples who recruited 3rd trimester pregnancy at prenatal education courses.Data collected 1 month antenatally 1, 4, 6, 12 months postnatally.Sense was decomposed into 2 distinct parts: an enduring component a malleable that changes with context.Consistent cognitive theory emotional problems,...

Little research has investigated the division of child care and housework in adoptive or lesbian/gay parent families, yet these contexts “control for” family characteristics such as biological relatedness parental gender differences known to be linked work. This study examined predictors (measured preadoption) postadoption) lesbian ( n = 55), gay 40), heterosexual 65) newly couples. Same‐sex couples shared more equally than For full sample, inequities work hours between partners were...

The influx of married women into the labor force has made dual-earner couples norm rather than exception. In 1960, 30.5% were in force; 1989 nearly 58% employed, majority working full-time (U.S. Department Census, 1991). contrast to this change family work roles, research suggests that at least one characteristic life remained quite stable--the division household labor. Even when both spouses are employed full-time, wives continue perform tasks, an inequity which sparked considerable...

The aim of the current investigation was to link men's provider-role attitudes with their involvement in household tasks. This study examines not only objective division work both inside and outside home, but also emphasizes importance examining cognitions affect that men attach family roles. It proposed holding more traditional about duty provide economically for would perform fewer tasks than egalitarian attitudes. involved 43 dual-earner couples who participated home interviews a series...

This study examines the degree to which division of household and child-care tasks predicts working-class women's well-being across transition parenthood. Women completed questionnaires about labor their before birth first child upon returning work. Results showed that violated expectations regarding care were associated with increased distress postnatally, there was some evidence this relationship moderated by gender ideology. Traditional women whose husbands did more than they expected...

No research has examined the division of labor across transition to parenthood for same-sex couples. The current study in 29 lesbian couples (58 women) during parenthood. Women were interviewed their last trimester and 3—4 months post-natally. Two theoretical approaches — gender theory economic used generate competing hypotheses about findings. Results revealed that divided housework quite equally; however, biological mothers tended contribute more child care. Despite this, majority did not...

This study compared the emotional states experienced by mothers and fathers during daily activities in domestic public spheres. Participants carried pagers for 1 week reported their when signaled at random times. Patterns differed markedly. Mothers more positive away from home, including work a job. These were related to perceived friendliness of co-workers. Fathers home sphere, partly because they spent this time n personal recreational choice, even family work.

Abstract This article explores the processes by which employees' emotional states at end of their work day are reflected in subsequent behavior home. Previous research this area is critiqued terms measurement issues and design, data used to illustrate ways phenomenon could be more accurately examined. study links reports four psychological (stress, fatigue, arousal, depression), collected from 29 men on 2 weekdays following return home work, involvement household tasks, leisure, negative...

Predictors of father involvement were explored among 98 dual-earner, working- class couples experiencing the transition to parenthood. A model combining different theoretical approaches predict levels and rates change in during first year parenthood was tested using hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicated that at oneyear postpartum most equitable when parents worked opposite shifts, mothers employed full-time, lower on gatekeeping. Mothers’ full-time work, economic contributions...

Abstract This invited review examines major trends and developments in the work family field from an ecological perspective. We examine how research has developed over past several decades with attention to ways which dominant theories empirical findings, couched specific historical social eras, have moved forward addressed important questions, while also raising many more. first theoretical paradigms on topic of across spanning 1960s 2000. then pay significant foci 21st century based...

Approximately, 15% of women in the United States experience postpartum depression, but Black and Latina continue to suffer at disproportionately higher rates. While literature has shown that life stressors is a strong predictor depressive symptoms, less research examined personal contextual resources can protect minoritized groups from poor mental health outcomes during perinatal period. The current article investigated whether four types protective factors (family support, doctor nurse...

We examined sex-typed housework of children from dual- and single-earner families its implications for children's adjustment as a function congruencies between work parents' sex-role behaviors attitudes. Participants were 152 firstborn 9-12-year-olds (85 girls, 67 boys) their parents. All fathers 50% mothers employed. In home interviews parents rated attitudes, competence, stress, parent-child relationships. 7 nightly telephone interviews, described household tasks that day. Analyses...

This article examines the effects of work-family interference and support on couples experiencing transition to parenthood. Correlational relationships between measures assessments marital change (based taken prenatally at three- nine-months postpartum) were examined. The findings suggest that husbands wives high levels report an increase in conflict across first two measurement occasions. In addition, also increased satisfaction when is high. Difference scores reflecting from three nine...

We explore dyadic parenting styles and their association with first-grade children's externalizing behavior symptoms in a sample of 85 working-class, dual-earner families. Cluster analysis is used to create typology types, reflecting the parental warmth, overreactivity, laxness both mothers fathers two-parent Three distinct groups emerged: Supportive Parents, Mixed-Support Parents Unsupportive Parents. Results indicate that were related teacher-reported for boys but not girls.

The goal of the current article is to describe how an ecological perspective could further our understanding division labor in families. We consider social contexts, or “space,” conjunction with individual, family, social, and historical “time” influence families as well its consequences for family members' well‐being relationship quality. Research examined that explores class, race ethnicity, structure life course issues directly indirectly affect Using examples from research, we show at...