Data-driven decision-making consequential to individuals raises important questions of accountability and justice. Indeed, European law provides limited rights 'meaningful information about the logic' behind significant, autonomous decisions such as loan approvals, insurance quotes, CV filtering. We undertake three experimental studies examining people's perceptions justice in algorithmic under different scenarios explanation styles. Dimensions previously observed response human appear...

Calls for heightened consideration of fairness and accountability in algorithmically-informed public decisions---like taxation, justice, child protection---are now commonplace. How might designers support such human values? We interviewed 27 sector machine learning practitioners across 5 OECD countries regarding challenges understanding imbuing values into their work. The results suggest a disconnect between organisational institutional realities, constraints needs, those addressed by...

We explored the use of awareness information to facilitate communication by developing a series prototypes. The ConNexus prototype integrates information, instant messaging, and other channels in an interface that runs on desktop computer. Awarenex extends functionality wireless handheld devices, such as Palm. A speech also enables callers make over telephone. While prototypes offer similar functionality, interfaces reflect different design affordances context each platform. discuss...

Many people struggle to control their use of digital devices. However, our understanding the design mechanisms that support user self-control remains limited. In this paper, we make two contributions HCI research in space: first, analyse 367 apps and browser extensions from Google Play, Chrome Web, Apple App stores identify common core features intervention strategies afforded by current tools for self-control. Second, adapt apply an integrative dual systems model self-regulation as a...

Most users of smartphone apps remain unaware what data about them is being collected, by whom, and how these are used. In this mixed methods investigation, we examine the question whether revealing key collection practices may help people make more informed privacy-related decisions. To investigate question, designed prototyped a new class privacy indicators, called Data Controller Indicators (DCIs), that expose previously hidden information flows out apps. Our lab study DCIs suggests such...

Patient-generated data, such as data from wearable fitness trackers and smartphone apps, are viewed a valuable information source towards personalised healthcare. However, studies in specific clinical settings have revealed diverse barriers to their effective use. In this paper, we address the following question: there prevalent across distinct workflows using patient-generated data? We conducted two-part investigation: literature review of identifying barriers; interviews with specialists...

Tracking is a highly privacy-invasive data collection practice that has been ubiquitous in mobile apps for many years due to its role supporting advertising-based revenue models. In response, Apple introduced two significant changes with iOS 14: App Transparency (ATT), mandatory opt-in system enabling tracking on iOS, and Privacy Nutrition Labels, which disclose what kinds of each app processes. So far, the impact these individual privacy control not well understood. This paper addresses...

Abstract While many studies have looked at privacy properties of the Android and Google Play app ecosystem, comparatively much less is known about iOS Apple App Store, most widely used ecosystem in US. At same time, there increasing competition around between these smartphone operating system providers. In this paper, we present a study 24k apps from 2020 along several dimensions relating to user privacy. We find that third-party tracking sharing unique identifiers was widespread both...

In this article we investigate information scraps —personal where content has been scribbled on Post-it notes, scrawled the corners of sheets paper, stuck in our pockets, sent email messages to ourselves, and stashed miscellaneous digital text files. Information encode ranging from ideas sketches reminders, shipment tracking numbers, driving directions, even poetry. Although are ubiquitous, have much still learn about these loose forms practice. Why do keep outside traditional PIM...

The state of the art in human interaction with computational systems blurs line between computations performed by machine logic and algorithms, those that result from input humans, arising their own psychological processes life experience. Current socio-technical systems, known as "social machines" exploit large-scale humans machines. Interactions are motivated numerous goals purposes including financial gain, charitable aid, simply for fun. In this paper we explore landscape social...

While the Quantified Self and personal informatics fields have focused on individual's use of self-logged data about themselves, same kinds could, in theory, be used to improve diagnosis care planning. In this paper, we seek understand both opportunities bottlenecks for differential planning during patient visits primary secondary care. We first conducted a literature review identify potential factors influencing clinical settings. This informed design our experiment, which applied...

Cite as:Reuben Binns, Max Van Kleek, Michael Veale, Ulrik Lyngs, Jun Zhao and Nigel Shadbolt (2018) 'It's Reducing a Human Being to Percentage'; Perceptions of Justice in Algorithmic Decisions. ACM Conference on Factors Computing Systems (CHI'18), April 21–26, Montreal, Canada. doi: 10.1145/3173574.3173951Data-driven decision-making consequential individuals raises important questions accountability justice. Indeed, European law provides limited rights 'meaningful information about the...

Designing an effective and sustainable citizen science (CS)project requires consideration of a great number factors. This makes the overall process unpredictable, even when sound, user-centred design approach is followed by experienced team UX designers. Moreover, such systems are deployed, complexity resulting interactions challenges any attempt to generalisation from retrospective analysis. In this paper, we present case study largest single platform driven data analysis projects date,...

Crowdsourcing via paid microtasks has been successfully applied in a plethora of domains and tasks. Previous efforts for making such crowdsourcing more effective have considered aspects as diverse task workflow design, spam detection, quality control, pricing models. Our work expands upon by examining the potential adding gamification to microtask interfaces means improving both worker engagement effectiveness. We run series experiments image labeling, one most common use cases...

Beyond being the world's largest social network, Facebook is for many also one of its greatest sources digital distraction. For students, problematic use has been associated with negative effects on academic achievement and general wellbeing. To understand what strategies could help users regain control, we investigated how simple interventions to UI affect behaviour perceived control. We assigned 58 university students three interventions: goal reminders, removed newsfeed, or white...

Abstract We explore the potential and practical challenges in use of artificial intelligence (AI) cyber risk analytics, for improving organisational resilience understanding risk. The research is focused on identifying role AI connected devices such as Internet Things (IoT) devices. Through literature review, we identify wide ranging creative methodologies analytics risks deliberately influencing or disrupting behaviours to socio-technical systems. This resulted modelling connections...

Modern conversational agents such as Alexa and Google Assistant represent significant progress in speech recognition, natural language processing, synthesis. But these have grown more realistic, concerns been raised over how their social nature might unconsciously shape our interactions with them. Through a survey of 500 voice assistant users, we explore whether users' relationships assistants can be quantified using the same metrics social, interpersonal relationships; well if this...

AI systems are becoming increasingly pervasive within children's devices, apps, and services. However, it is not yet well-understood how risks ethical considerations of relate to children. This paper makes three contributions this area: first, identifies ten areas alignment between general frameworks codes for age-appropriate design Then, understand such principles real application contexts, we conducted a landscape analysis systems, via systematic literature review including 188 papers....

Interfaces increasingly mimic human social behaviours. Beyond prototypical examples like chatbots, basic automated systems app notifications or self-checkout machines likewise address 'talk to' people in person-like ways. Whilst early evidence suggests cues can enhance user experience, we lack a good understanding of when, and why, their use interaction design may be inappropriate. We combined qualitative survey (n=80) with experience sampling, interview, workshop studies (n=11) to...

Third-party networks collect vast amounts of data about users via websites and mobile applications. Consolidations among tracker companies can significantly increase their individual tracking capabilities, prompting scrutiny by competition regulators. Traditional measures market share, based on revenue or sales, fail to represent the capability a tracker, especially if it spans both web mobile. This article proposes new approach measure concentration capability, reach popular apps. Our...

A characteristic trend of digital health has been the dramatic increase in patient-generated data being presented to clinicians, which follows from increased ubiquity self-tracking practices by individuals, driven, turn, proliferation tools and technologies. Such not only make easier, but also potentially more reliable automating collection, curation, storage. Whilst themselves have studied extensively human-computer-interaction literature, little work yet looked at whether these might be...

Third party tracking allows companies to identify users and track their behaviour across multiple digital services. This paper presents an empirical study of the prevalence third-party trackers on 959,000 apps from US UK Google Play stores. We find that most contain third tracking, distribution is long-tailed with several highly dominant accounting for a large portion coverage. The extent also differs between categories apps; in particular, news targeted at children appear be amongst worst...