To investigate the contribution of cranial neural crest cells to developing cardiovascular system in chick embryo, cauterization various regions was performed. Five may be distinguished, each which contributes mesenchyme pharyngeal (branchial) arches 1 through 4 and 6. Ablation arch 3, 4, 6 resulted a high incidence persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) associated with anomalies aortic arch. Dextroposed aorta (DPA) or inflow tract were found all ablation groups. Although arteries induced...

Previous studies showed that conotruncal heart malformations can arise with the increase or decrease in α1 connexin function neural crest cells. To elucidate possible basis for quantitative requirement gap junctions cardiac development, a outgrowth culture system was used to examine migration of cells derived from CMV43 transgenic embryos overexpressing connexins, and knockout (KO) mice FC expressing dominant-negative fusion protein. These rate increased embryos, but decreased KO embryos....

Connexin43 knockout mice die neonatally from conotruncal heart malformation and outflow obstruction. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of neural crest perturbations in these cardiac anomalies. We provide evidence for another extracardiac cell population, proepicardial cells. These cells give rise to vascular smooth muscle coronary arteries fibroblasts heart. observed abnormal presence fibroblast infundibular pouches connexin43 mouse In addition, exhibit a variety artery...

Removal of premigratory neural crest over somites 1 through 3 in chick embryos has been shown previously to result a significant incidence persistent truncus arteriosus. In the present study, single somite-length pieces were removed unilaterally at slightly different embryonic ages. These lesions resulted number heart defects. Two defects, ventricular septal defect and double outlet right ventricle, significantly correlated with location removed. The stage which ablation was performed...

Previous studies have shown that ablation of cranial neural crest results in heart malformations chick embryos. Cranial cells populate all the pharyngeal arches and provide mesenchymal walls aortic arch arteries. Neural migrate from apparatus into outflow region heart. However, it is not known which contribute ectomesenchyme to developing nor has a pattern distribution been established. In present study, premigratory presumptive quail embryos was grafted homotopically onto early On Day 6...

Retinoids play a critical role in cardiac morphogenesis. To examine the effects of excessive retinoid signaling on myocardial development, transgenic mice that overexpress constitutively active retinoic acid receptor (RAR) controlled by either alpha- or beta-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) promoter were generated. Animals carrying alpha-MyHC-RAR transgene expressed RARs embryonic atria and adult ventricles, but developed no signs malformations disease. In contrast, beta-MyHC-RAR animals, where...

Abstract The appearance and development of the primary secondary sympathetic trunks in staged chick embryos was studied using Falck‐Owman histochemical method for demonstration monoamines. earliest catecholamine (stage 20) individual fluorescent cells located region dorsal root ganglia about two stages prior to formation trunk aggregates. These are believed be precursor correspond formaldehyde‐induced observed recent explantation experiments. Aggregates had formed bilaterally dorsolateral...

Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), an organic manganese-containing gasoline additive, was investigated to determine whether MMT potentially causes dopaminergic neurotoxic effects. is acutely cytotoxic and dopamine-producing cells (PC-12) seemed be more susceptible effects than nondopaminergic (striatal γ-aminobutyric acidergic cerebellar granule cells). also potently depleted dopamine apparently by cytoplasmic vesicular release the cytosol, a neurochemical change resembling...

BACKGROUND Microcinephotography was used to study a model of persistent truncus arteriosus created in chick embryos by ablation premigratory neural crest destined for the third and fourth aortic arch arteries as well septum cardiac outflow tract. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five control 105 202 experimental were filmed on day 3 incubation then reincubated. The remaining 97 not because twisting embryos, but they There no difference either survival rate (p greater than 0.23) from 11 or...

Changes in biochemical status of nerve terminals the corpus striatum, one primary brain regions affected Parkinson's disease, were studied groups C57BL/6 mice treated by ip injection three times over a 2-week period with 3–100 mg/kg heptachlor. On average, maximal rate striatal dopamine uptake increased > 2-fold at doses 6 heptachlor and 1.7-fold 12 Increases attributed to induction transporter (DAT) compensatory response elevated synaptic levels dopamine. Significant increase Vmax DAT was...

Microcinephotography was used to study heart development in a neural crest model of defects, that is, persistent truncus arteriosus, interrupted aortic arch, double outlet right ventricle, or single ventricle and tricuspid valve anomalies. These defects were created chick embryos by ablation premigratory destined for the aorticopulmonary truncal septa, as well third fourth arch arteries. When embryogenesis reached looped cardiac tube stage (Hamburger-Hamilton 18), 19 experimental 15 control...

Neural crest cells are known to contribute the normal architecture of heart and aortic arch arteries. Ablation neural over somites 1 3 in chick embryo prevents conotruncal septation results persistent truncus arteriosus. To determine whether a deficiency cardiac produces hemodynamic changes prior development identifiable structural defects heart, we measured dorsal blood velocity vitelline artery pressure lesioned control embryos at period morphogenesis septal formation. The internal...

Studies of personality have suggested that dissimilarities in ability to cope with stressful situations results differing tendency develop addictive behaviors. The present study used selectively bred stress-resilient, socially-dominant (Dom) and stress-vulnerable, socially-submissive (Sub) mice investigate the interaction between environmental stress inbred predisposition behavior cocaine. In a Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm using cocaine, Sub displayed an aversion drug, whereas...

A wearable body hydration sensor employing photoplethysmographic and galvanic biosensors was field evaluated using 240 human participants with equal numbers of men women volunteers. Monitoring water mass loss due to perspiration performed by medical balance measurements following one two different treadmill physical exercise regimens over 90 minutes in 15-minute intervals intervening 10-minute rest periods. Participants wore models the dehydration monitor device mated commercially-available...

Dittrichia viscosa is a perennial Mediterranean plant used in traditional medicine for "calming purposes", pointing at possible antidepressant activity of the plant. We conducted chromatographic and bioassay-guided fractionation D. root extract to isolate specific fraction (fraction "K") with antidepressant-like characteristics vivo strong antioxidant properties vitro. A single dose "K" reduced immobility time forced swim test mouse model possessing depressive-like phenotype. Neurochemical...